[The sudden death among the young persons under effect of the different forms of physical loads]. / Vnezapnaia smert' lits molodogo vozrasta pri razlichnykh vidakh fizicheskoi nagruzki.

The present review of the literature publications concerns the problem of sudden death (SD) among the young persons under effect of the different forms of physical loads. The statistical data on the frequency of sudden death are presented together with information about risk factors of SD, the morphological substrates and structural changes that promote death coming. The cases of sudden death among the young persons associated with the amateur sports activities and the professional sport of records are presented. The role of physical exercises and psycho-emotional stresses in the development of the terminal processes is considered with special reference to the risk factors and genetic predisposition to sudden cardiac death, largely among male athletes. The questions of sudden death in connection with cardiac pathologies as its main causes are discussed.

[Histometric symptoms of age-sensitive changes of bone tissue.]

The study presents the results of a complex histomorphometric research of the features of the age-related dynamics of bone tissue. As a study material we used samples of the distal epiphysis and diaphysis of the left tibia from 348 corpses of males with a known age from 0 to 90 years. A group of microosteometric features, that have the strongest correlation with age, is established in different age groups; their quantitative characteristics are given. It is clarified that the trends of age-related changes in the structural components of bone tissue correspond to the basic patterns of growth, remodeling, depend on the species and their localization. Conceptual positions of age involution of bone tissue are proposed.

[The study of the relationship between rates of carnitine exchange and fat mass in young swimmers].

The study of the state of carnitine metabolism is an actual problem for the specialists who are interested in the investigating of children's health, involved in sport. Indicators of carnitine metabolism reflect mitochondrial capacity and the state of energy of the cell, which in it's turn effect on the level of physical performance of athletes and their health status. The aim of our study was to identify the characteristics of carnitine metabolism in young athletes, as well as the establishment of correlation between carnitine metabolism and body fat mass. The study included 46 young athletes 12-17 years old involved in swimming. The average age of the athletes was 15.9 ± 0.2 years. Carnitine metabolism has been studied by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the content of body fat mass has been established by bioimpedance. The free carnitine didn't significantly differ in males (36.3 ± 1.1 mmol/l) and females (36.3 ± 1.3 mmol/l). Content of related carnitine was higher in boys--17.4 ± 0.8 mmol/l (vs 14.0 ± 0.9 mmol/l in girls, p < 0.05). Value of related carnitine/free carnitine (AC/C0) was significantly 22.5% higher in boys (0.49 ± 0.03), because of higher content of related carnitine. The content of body fat mass in boys was 9.6 ± 0.87%, and in girls--22.24 ± 1.0%. There was found a significant correlation between indicators of carnitine metabolism and fat body mass. The findings may suggest a higher mitochondrial potential of girls engaged in swimming.

[Tactics of surgical treatment of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the lumbosacral spine in case of HIP-SPINE-syndrome].

The objective of this study is definition of surgical treatment tactics of multilevel degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the lumbosacral spine in case of HIP-SPINE-syndrome. It was presented the experience of surgical treatment of multilevel degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the lumbosacral spine in 52 patients aged from 48 to 81 years. Lumbar stenosis prevailed in 38 (73.1%) cases. There was degenerative spondylolisthesis in 9 (17.3%) cases, and degenerative scoliosis was detected in 5 (9.6%) patients. Different types of decompressive-stabilizing interventions according to direction of compression and the presence of degenerative instability were performed in all patients. Evaluation of surgical treatment was done by using of visual analog scale and questionnaire Oswestry Disability Index. It was revealed significant improvement of life quality by reducing of pain and increasing of daily activity. Maximal time of observation was 36 months.

[Diagnostics of Achilles tendon ruptures].

This review is concerned with diagnostics, surgical and orthopedic treatment of fresh and long-standing Achilles tendon rupture. Despite seemingly easy diagnostics, different authors indicate that 15-29% of Achilles tendon rupture escape timely recognition which leads to inadequate treatment and its poor outcome. Hence, the importance of clinical tests permitting to improve diagnostics bearing in mind that such expensive methods as MRT are not readily available. We describe all (to our knowledge) clinical tests for the purpose as well as X-ray, ultrasonic, and MRT diagnostics (including differential) of Achilles tendon rupture.

[Diseases of proximal femur segment in subjects of working age].

A high-energy injury in subjects under the age of 50 as a rule leads to hip dislocation. This condition requires urgent orthopedic aid to avoid the risk of femur head osteonecrosis. Given a failure of closed reduction of dislocation (to be performed within 6 hours after the injury), immediate open reduction is indicated. The surgical approach depends on the dislocation type. The Kocher-Langenbeck approach is practiced to treat posterior dislocation and the Smith-Petersen or Watson-Jones approach in case of anterior dislocation. The most frequent and dangerous complications are femur head osteonecrosis (in 4-22% of the cases even after timely reduction) and post-traumatic coxarthrosis. Osteonecrosis is managed by a variety of surgical methods, viz. central decompresson, osteoplasty, corrective osteotomy, endoprosthetics. Its late stages, with sclerosis affecting over 30% of the head surface, are treated by resurfacing arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, total surface arthroplasty, uni- and bipolar hemiarthroplasty, total endoprosthetics, and administration of expanded stem cells into the subchondrial layer. The use of tissue-engineering technologies for the treatment of osteonecrosis is not confined to the treatment of its precollaptoid stages. They can be employed to promote osteointegration at the metal-bone interface and thereby to improve secondary stability or prolong the hardware lifetime.

[Using compressive internal osteosynthesis in condition of free vascularizational reconstruction of defects of the forearm bones].

It was developed and analyzed a method of fixation by blocked compression base of free vascularizational transplant in condition of reconstructing of forearm bones. This method was approved in clinical practice in treatment of 13 patients. In comparison with traditional method of fixation by apparatus of Ilizarov, the proposed method reduces the time of operation using reduction of anoxi period of transplant on 32.9% (p < 0.0001) and permits to improve the live characteristics on 12.5% (p = 0.0065) and functional results on 21.2% (p = 0.0048) during first 6 months after operation.

[Study of biological materials based on indentometry]. / Biologicheskoe materialovedenie na osnove indentometrii.

The general multiparameter system of testing chemical compounds allows to study biological matter on the basis of purely physical approaches. A "Tissue-1" device allows to study all types of biological tissues able to withstand different kinds of passive and/or active mechanic load.

[Biomedical approaches to electrokinetic characteristics of erythrocyte sedimentation]. / Biomeditsinskie podkhody k élektrokineticheskoi kharakteristike osazhdeniia éritrotsitov.

An imposition of modulating sinusoid signal with a frequency of 0.02-0.07 Hz on the S-shaped curve of erythrocyte sedimentation has been found in electrokinetic experiments on human erythrocyte sedimentation. The value of modulating signal decreases with time. The experimental devices have been described, and possible application of the above method has been discussed.