Corrections of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis of organism under hypoxia of different genesis by yackton, a new pharmacological preparation.

The aim of the present work was to study the antioxidant activity of the new derivative of succinic acid-succinate mono[(2-dimethyl-amino) ethyl ether] of succinic acid (yackton) under conditions of hypoxic and hemic hypoxia as well as to examine in vitro the antiradical activity of this preparation. Hypoxia in the rats was modelled by: (i) allowing the rats to breath a gas mixture with 7% O2 and 93% N2 for 30 minutes (hypoxic hypoxia), and (ii) injecting the rats sodium nitrite subcutaneously in a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight (hemic hypoxia). Yackton was injected intraperitoneally to both groups 30 minutes before the extreme influence in a dose of 140 mg/kg body weight. Then in homogenates and in post-mitochondrial fractions of liver, heart, lungs, brain we studied the content of secondary products of lipid peroxidation (LPO), activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and the activity of enzymes responsible for the maintenance of reduced glutathione (GSH) glutathione reductase (GR-ase) and glutathione peroxidase (GP-ase). In vitro studies were made on the antiradical activity of yackton in reaction with the stable radical diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH) as well as on the reaction velocity of the preparation with DPPH, and its period of semi-transformation in a non-radical form. It was shown that yackton treatment before hypoxic and hemic hypoxia decreased lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and increased SOD activity. After the yackton injection the state of glutathione system was normalized in comparison with its state at hypoxic and hemic hypoxia. Yackton had no antiradical properties in vitro. We concluded that yackton promotes optimization of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis of the organism under the hemic and hypoxic hypoxia acting as antioxidant of a non-direct action.

[Effect of N-oxidized pyridine derivatives on lipid peroxidation in the livers of rats]. / Vplyv N-okysnenykh pokhidnykh pirydynu na kysnezalezhni protsesi v tkanyni pechinky shchuriv.

Effects of N-oxide 2,6-dimetilpyridine (ivin) on the intensity of lipid peroxidation (in vivo and in vitro), microsomal hydroxylation and secretion of the bile (in vivo) were investigated. It has been shown that the preparation did not act significantly on the rate of lipid peroxidation in the liver homogenates both in vivo (5 mg/100 g, 4 weeks) and in vitro (10(-6)-10(-2) mol, incubation). Ivin did not change the activity of the microsomal hydroxylation (hexenal), but stimulated the excretion of biliary organic and inorganic components. The role of NO as a transmitter for effects of N-oxide 2,6-dimetilpyridine and the possibility of its influence on the processes under exploration via the modification of the structure of a biomembrane have being discussed to be one of the basic mechanisms.

[Thrombocyte function during normal and complicated pregnancies]. / Uchast' trombotsytiv u fiziolohichnomu ta uskladnenomu hestatsiinomu protsesi.

Research of functional changes in the circulating thrombocytes at physiological pregnancy and EPH--gestosis in women was conducted with methods of an electron microscopy and microcoagulogy. Some peculiarities of the release reactions by thrombocytes which determine an extra thrombocyte release of the content from their cytoplasmatic granules have been determined.

[Disturbances in biliary secretion during tissue hypoxia and attempts at their corrections]. / Porushennia protsesiv zhovchovydilennia pry tkanynnii hipoksiï ta sproby ïkh korektsiï.

In acute experiments on rats in vivo the stimulating effects of hydrophilic cholic acids (CA and UDCA) on the bilification and their inhibiting by rotenone have been shown. The secretion of CA and UDCA under rotenone have been determined to be activated. The mechanisms of the influence of the cholic acids on the secretory function of the hepatocytes have being discussed. It has been concluded that NADH-dehydrogenase link in the respiratory chain is not involved in the activating effects by CA and UDCA.

[Changes in the local nonspecific immune response to post-traumatic inflammation during treatment]. / Zminy mistsevoï nespetsyfichnoï rezystentnosti u posttravmatychnomu vohnyshchi v dynamitsi likuvannia.

Clinical investigation have been done in adult patients with broken mandible during 3 weeks of conservative treatment with aluminum splints (1st group, n = 17) or steel splints (2nd group, n = 16) in comparison with health adults (control group, n = 18). The neutrophil emigration into alterative locus and their degranulation as well as phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils were tested. It was found that aluminum splint application caused the intensive inflammation and then the depression of local host defense reactions. Treatment with steel splints did not lead to neutrophil function depletion or to hyper-intensification of inflammatory reaction in patients. The increased values of neutrophil reactions were normalized in this group at the final period of the treatment. The examined trial ensures our accurate method in treatment of patients with broken mandible. The determination of local host defense state may be proposed as preferable simple express-method of evaluation of immune status, treatment efficiency and prognosis in these patients.

[Mechanisms of the effect of circulating neutrophils (granulocytes) in the response of a release reaction of human platelets]. / Mekhanizmy vplyvu tsyrkuliuiuchykh neitrophil'nykh hranulotsytiv na reaktsiiu vyvil'nennia iz trombotsytiv krovi liudyny.

Studied singularities of development platelet release reaction, as of functional activity platelets, at direct effect contents of cytoplasmic granular structures circulating neutrophile leucocytes (granulocytes), possessing a potential capability to selective exocytosis. The model researches were conducted in a system in vitro on isolated viable non active of platelets practically of healthy people. As possible activators the subpopulations them of cytoplasmic granules, distinguished on morphological and enzymetion to indications were applied, previously chosen by methods of an analytical centrifuging from donor neutrophile granulocytes. The development platelets of a response of a release was determined on dynamics quantitative reorganization in platelets an alpha-granules and change of activity in out of platelets to environment of the factor 4 platelets. The capability of a dominance lysosomal initiators neutrophile granulocytes in development of a response of a release of platelets was installed. The scheme of probable trigger participation circulating of neutrophile granulocytes in development syndrome disseminated intravascular coagulation.

[Effect of potassium channel openers on lysosomal function and morphology during acute hypoxic hypoxia]. / Vplyv moduliatoriv aktyvnosti kaliievykh kanaliv na morfofunktsional'nyi stan lizosom pry hostrii hipoksychnii hipoksiï.

It was studying the effect of fluorinecontain pinacidil analogs (PF-5 and PF-10), which are the K(+)-channel openers, on morphofunctional lysosomes state at lung and heart tissues. The investigation was made on white pubertal rat-males under acute (30 min) hypoxic hypoxia (7% O2 [symbol: see text] N2). The application of PF-5 and PF-10 under acute hypoxic hypoxia leads in lung and myocardium tissues to morphofunctional changes of lysosome system in investigated cells, which were connected with decreasing of enzyemia. It, partly, may be explain by increasing of connected enzyme forms synthesis, because such forms are the functional latent, so the output of enzymes in blood under unfavourable conditions increased.

[Physical development and formation of psychophysiological functions in young school-age children]. / Fizychnyi rozvytok i formuvannia psykhofiziolohichnyk funktsii u ditei molodshoho shkil'noho viku.

The aim of investigation was to study of physical development and psychophysiological functions forming in children of young school age. Were studied 25 schoolchildren (12 girls and 13 boys) in 4 class of average school. Anthropometric and functional parameters as level of physical development were studied. In dynamics of school year were studied of psychic functions. The investigations are showed that process of learning provokes of fatigue and reflects on psychic functions efficiency as well as negative influence on physical development. The psychic functions forming characterized to gradual mobilization of new elements of functional system during school year in children of young school age.

[The effect of hypoxia of different origins and of the degree of its severity on the functional activity of the lysosomal apparatus]. / Vplyv hipoksiï riznoho henezu ta stupenia vazhkosti na funktsional'nu aktyvnist' lizosomal'noho aparatu.

We studied the activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and cathepsine D) and the status of lysosomal membranes of the liver, lung, heart and brain tissues of the male adult rats under acute hypoxia. We found that disturbances of lysosomal membranes permeability in these organs depend on the tissues hypoxia development, not yet on the genesis of hypoxic state. The lysosomal enzymes activation depends on the heaviness of the hypoxic influence.

Involvement of nitric oxide in regulation of the medullary respiratory rhythm in neonatal rats.

The NADPH-diaphorase (as a neuronal NO-synthase) reactivity in the medullary structures of the respiratory rhythm (RR) generator and the role of NO in the regulation of respiratory activity in the phrenic nerve of artificially superfused semi-isolated medulla-spinal cord preparations were investigated in newborn rats. NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons were found in all nuclei of both dorsal and ventral respiratory groups of neurons. The maximal density of stained cells was present within the rostral part of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), in the region of the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus. It was found that endogenous NO mediates the mechanism of tonic inhibitory control of the RR frequency located in the rostral VLM under normal and hypoxic conditions, and appears to be involved in generation of the basic RR by the more caudal structures of VLM. It was shown that NO biosynthesis mediates the effect of NMDA receptors activation on the RR.

[The effect of nitric oxide donors on the respiratory rhythm of an artificially superfused preparation of the brain of newborn rats]. / Vplyv donoriv oksydu azotu na dykhal'nyi rytm shtuchno superfuzovanoho preparatu mozku novonarodzhenykh shchuriv.

The influence of an exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside, and endogenous NO biosynthesis substrate, L-arginine, on integrated respiratory rhythm recorded from the phrenic nerve of the semi-isolated medullo-spinal preparations of the 3-to-4-days old rats was studied. Applications of 10.0 mcM of these drugs led to significant increase in the duration and amplitude of the inspiratory discharges (ID) in the phrenic nerve and to decrease of ID frequency. After the rostral ventrolateral (RVL) medulla (projectionally corresponds to "M" chemosensitive zone) had been separated by transection, such applications began to evoke a rise of ID frequency without significant changes of the duration and amplitude. Thus, we found the involvement of NO in the tonic inhibition of the respiratory rhythm by RVL medullary structures in the neonatal rats.

[The adaptation of youth with different rates of morphofunctional development to physical loading]. / Adaptatsiia iunakiv z riznymy tempamy morfofunktsional'noho rozvytku do fizychnykh navantazhen'.

There were studied morphofunctional peculiarities of biological development of 15-17-year-old boys' organisms on the bases of complex use, for this, of the level of physical development, rates of sex maturity and somatotype. On that base there were studied the individual peculiarities of their adaptation to the physical loads, which was directed to the development of endurance. It was ascertained, that the boys of the examined age groups, based on the complex differentiation are divided into 3 basic groups--fast, normal and slow rates of genesis. These typological groups differ by the measure and quantity of periods of long-term adaptation, and by the nature of adaptable changes in the organisms which are studied as a result of influence of long-lasted dosing loads, directed to the development of endurance.

[The effect of linoleyl hydroxamic acid on lipid peroxidation processes and on the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system in rats under hypoxia]. / Vplyv linoleïl-hidroksamovoï kysloty na stan protsesiv perekysnoho okyslennia lipidiv ta aktyvnist' fermentiv antyoksydantnoï systemy shchuriv pry hipoksiï.

It was studied the effect of new blocker of lipoxygenase way of arachidontic acid metabolism--linoleyl-hydroxamic acid--on the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in blood, heart, liver, lung and brain in rats under acute hypoxic hypoxia. It was shows that preliminary introduction of this substance lead to increase of antioxidant enzymes activity--superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmine, and to decrease of lipid peroxidation level during hypoxia in blood, heart, liver and lung (without brain).

[The antioxidant action of taurine in acute hypoxic hypoxia]. / Antyoksydantna diia taurynu za umov hostroï hipoksychnoï hipoksiï.

It was found that preliminary treatment by amino acid taurine protected rats from lipid peroxidation intensification (expressed in terms of malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes contents) in the liver, brain and heart under acute severe normobaric hypoxic hypoxia. The mechanisms of the antioxidant action of taurine are connected to the prevention of lactate accumulation in tissues and cell membrane structure disorders (expressed in a decrease of membrane Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity). It was also shown that taurine reduced significantly a decrease of glutathione antioxidant system activity protecting tissues against reduced glutathione pool depletion and preventing a decrease of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities in acute severe hypoxia.

[Nikolai Nikalaevich Sirotinin and his school]. / Nikolai Nikolaevich Sirotinin i ego shkola.

In a brief review of 50-year scientific activity of professor N. N. Sirotinin and his students the authors emphasize that this broad-minded scientist contributed to development of such disciplines as microbiology, pathophysiology, high-altitude, aerospace medicine. However, his main goal was evolution of reactivity and resistance, approaches to perfection of human health and performance. Much attention was paid to effects of low partial oxygen pressure on human and animal body, to hypoxic states of different origin. Methods of hypoxytherapy and hypoxic training are widely used in Russia and abroad. The contribution of academician N. N. Sirotinin to modern pathophysiology, high-altitude and aerospace physiology, internal and sport medicine is highly appreciated in Russia.

[The physiological characteristics of the antioxidant properties of Lipin in bronchial asthma in children]. / Fiziolohichna kharakterystyka antyoksydantnykh vlastyvostei lipinu pry bronkhial'nii astmi u ditei.

In children of 4-7 years old with bronchial asthma (BA) has been studied the values of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and some others in blood plasma and erythrocytes without and with the use of new drug Lipin. It was shown that in children with BA the malondialdehyde concentration increased, the superoxydedismutase activity decreased, the NAD concentration increased, and the ratio of superoxidedismutase/malondialdehyde greatly decreased in comparison with normal children. The use of Lipin led to diminuation of lipid peroxidation, to marked increase of superoxidedismutase activity, to decrease of NAD concentration, and to significant increase of superoxidedismutase/malondialdehyde ratio. These results were indicated on the expressed antioxidant properties of Lipin in children's with BA.

[The effect of intermittent hypoxic training on pancreatic endocrine function in animals with diabetes mellitus]. / Vplyv interval'nykh hipoksychykh trenuval' na stan endokrynnoï funktsiï pidshlunkovoï zalozy u tvaryn z tsukrovym diabetom.

The state of the pancreatic endocrine apparatus in diabetes, adaptation to hypoxia and both of them were studied in experiments with rats. Early stages of diabetes were accompanied by marked reconstruction of the pancreas. A decrease in the insulin level was followed by compensatory activation of glucagon- and somatostatine-producing systems which depended on the sex of animals. It was observed that adaptation to intermittent hypoxia exerted a positive effect on the diabetic process in rats, which was manifested by an increase in the insulin level in blood and beta-cells, inhibition of islet destruction, new formation of beta-cells in acinar tissue, and decrease of glucagon and somatostatine production.

[The physiological role of the structural-functional changes in the air-blood barrier of the lungs in supplying the body with oxygen under the action of extreme factors]. / O fiziologicheskoi roli strukturno-funktsional'nykh izmenenii aérogematicheskogo bar'era legkikh v obespechenii organizma kislorodom pri deistvii ékstremal'nykh faktorov.

Hypoxic states, under the effect of extreme factors, induced changes in the endothelium of the lung capillaries irrespective of the nature of the factors (exo- or endogenous) causing the hypoxic state. Significant changes of the mitochondrial apparatus of the lung air-blood barrier cells occurred in the hypoxic hypoxia. The data obtained suggest that the thickness of the ABB, under extreme conditions, cannot serve as a parameter of the morphofunctional state of the lung ABB. The compensatory-adaptive response of the cell structures seem to decrease the oxygen diffusion from the alveolar gas into the blood of the lung capillaries.