Self-consistency of electron-THF cross sections using electron swarm techniques.

The drift velocity and first Townsend ionization coefficient of electrons in gaseous tetrahydrofuran are measured over the range of reduced electric fields 4-1000 Td using a pulsed-Townsend technique. The measured drift velocities and Townsend ionization coefficients are subsequently used, in conjunction with a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis, as a further discriminative assessment on the accuracy and completeness of a recently proposed set of electron-THF vapor cross sections. In addition, the sensitivity of the transport coefficients to uncertainties in the existing cross sections is presented. As a result of that analysis, a refinement of the momentum transfer cross section for electron-THF scattering is presented, along with modifications to the neutral dissociation and dissociative electron attachment cross sections. With these changes to the cross section database, we find relatively good self-consistency between the measured and simulated drift velocities and Townsend coefficients.

Photon-Assisted Shot Noise in Graphene in the Terahertz Range.

When subjected to electromagnetic radiation, the fluctuation of the electronic current across a quantum conductor increases. This additional noise, called photon-assisted shot noise, arises from the generation and subsequent partition of electron-hole pairs in the conductor. The physics of photon-assisted shot noise has been thoroughly investigated at microwave frequencies up to 20 GHz, and its robustness suggests that it could be extended to the terahertz (THz) range. Here, we present measurements of the quantum shot noise generated in a graphene nanoribbon subjected to a THz radiation. Our results show signatures of photon-assisted shot noise, further demonstrating that hallmark time-dependant quantum transport phenomena can be transposed to the THz range.

Growth and structure of ultrathin alumina films on the (1 1 0) surface of γ-Al4Cu9 complex metallic alloy.

The first stages of oxidation of the (1 1 0) surface of a γ-Al(4)Cu(9) complex metallic alloy were investigated by combining x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunnel microscopy studies. Oxidation at room temperature in the 2 × 10(-8) to 2 × 10(-7) mbar oxygen pressure range occurs in two steps: a fast regime is followed by a much slower one, leading to the formation of a thin aluminium oxide film showing no long range order. Cu-O bonds are never observed, due to fast oxygen induced aluminium segregation. The low value of the estimated activation energy for aluminium diffusion (0.65 ± 0.12 eV at(-1)) was ascribed to the presence of two vacancies in the γ-Al(4)Cu(9) structure. Annealing at 925 K the oxide film formed at room temperature leads to the formation of small crystallized domains with a sixton structure similar to structures reported in the literature following the oxidation of Cu-9% Al(1 1 1), NiAl (1 1 0) and FeAl(1 1 0) surfaces as well as ultrathin Al films deposited onto Cu(1 1 1) or Ni(1 1 1) surfaces. Two contributions were observed in the O1s peaks, which have been ascribed to loosely bound oxygen species and oxygen belonging to the sixton structure respectively.

Dynamic structure mediated by graphitelike Al nets on the Al2Cu (001) surface.

A detailed study of the (001) surface of the Al(2)Cu crystal using both experimental and ab initio computational methods is presented in this work. The combination of both approaches gives many arguments to match the surface plane with a bulk truncated surface model terminated by incomplete Al planes. The missing rows of Al atoms lead to a 2√2×√2R 45° surface reconstruction with two domains rotated by 90° from each other. Ab initio calculations demonstrate that the energetic cost associated with the removal of pairs of Al atoms is the lowest for the two nearest surface Al atoms (covalentlike interaction). They reveal that the remaining atomic rows of various widths are oriented according to the graphitelike Al 6(3) nets used to describe the Al(2)Cu bulk structure. The surface dynamics observed at 300 K at the Al(2)Cu surface is also presented. Finally, configurational and vibrational entropies are introduced to discuss the reduced surface plane density.