[Results of abdominal wall closure using the 4:1 suture/wound lenght technique]. / Resultados del cierre de pared abdominal utilizando técnica longitud sutura/herida 4:1.

Background: Laparotomy is a daily procedure for the general surgeon and its main complication is the formation of hernias. Objective: To determine if the suture length to wound length ratio 4:1 for wall closure decreases the incidence of hernia. Material and methods: Data from patients (n = 86) in whom abdominal wall closure was performed from August 2017 to January 2018 were prospectively reviewed. Patients who could not undergo adequate follow-up, those managed with open abdomen, or those with use of non-absorbable suture materials were excluded. 2 groups were formed: in one, the suture length to wound length ratio 4:1 technique was used as wall closure, and in the other it was used conventional suture; the length of the wound-suture length was measured, and the follow-up was post-surgical. For statistical analysis it was used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (chi-squared and Mann-Withney's U). Results: The 2 groups had similar characteristics in all the inclusion criteria. There was a statistically significant difference in dehiscence and hernias. For both complications, the 4:1 suture is a protective factor. For the first it was obtained: p = 0.000, relative risk (RR) 0.114 with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.030-0.437, and for the second, p = 0.000, RR .091, 95% CI 0.027-0.437. Conclusions: Abdominal wall closure using 4:1 suture/wound length was shown to decrease the incidence of hernia.

Introducción: la laparotomía es un procedimiento cotidiano del cirujano general y una su principales complicaciones es la formación de hernias. Objetivo: determinar si la relación 4:1 longitud de sutura-largo de herida para cierre de pared disminuye la incidencia de hernia. Material y métodos: datos de pacientes (n = 86) en quienes se realizó cierre de pared abdominal de agosto de 2017 a enero de 2018 fueron revisados prospectivamente. Fueron excluidos los pacientes a quienes no se les pudo realizar el seguimiento adecuado, los manejados con abdomen abierto, o en los que se utilizaron de materiales de sutura no absorbibles. Se formaron 2 grupos: en uno se utilizó la técnica 4:1 longitud de sutura-largo de herida como cierre de pared, y en el otro la sutura convencional; se midió la longitud de herida-largo de sutura y el seguimiento fue en el postquirúrgico. Para el análisis estadístico, se usó estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial (chi cuadrada y U de Mann-Withney). Resultados: los 2 grupos tuvieron características semejantes en todos los criterios de inclusión. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en dehiscencia y hernias; para ambas complicaciones, la sutura 4:1 es un factor protector. Para la primera se obtuvo una p = 0.000, razón de riesgo (RR) 0.114 con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%) 0.030-0.437 y en la segunda una p = 0.000, RR 0.091, IC 95% 0.027-0.437. Conclusiones: el cierre de pared abdominal con longitud sutura/herida 4:1 demostró que disminuye la incidencia de hernia.

Recurring hydatide cyst in abdominal cavity. A case report.

Hydatid cyst (hydatidosis or echinococcosis) is an endemic zoonosis caused by ingestion of Echinococcus eggs. This disease is localized to the liver, but can be found elsewhere. It may be asymptomatic or present with compression discomfort or anaphylactic shock due to cyst rupture. The disease can recur. The diagnosis is made by the symptoms and imaging findings. Serological tests are sometimes done. The diagnosis is confirmed with direct observation of the parasite. Treatment is a combination of anthelmintic with minimally invasive or surgical drainage. This report is from a patient with recurrent hydatid cysts in the abdomen.

El quiste hidatídico (hidatidosis o equinococosis) es una zoonosis endémica causada por la ingesta de huevos de Echinococcus. Esta enfermedad se localiza en el hígado, pero también puede encontrarse en otros sitios. Puede ser asintomática o presentarse con molestias por compresión o choque anafiláctico por rotura del quiste. Puede tener recurrencias. El diagnóstico se realiza por los síntomas y los hallazgos en imagenología. En ocasiones se realizan pruebas serológicas. El diagnóstico se confirma con la observación directa del parásito. El tratamiento es una combinación de antihelmíntico con drenaje mínimamente invasivo o quirúrgico. Se reporta el caso de una paciente con quistes hidatídicos recurrentes en el abdomen.

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome, Addison disease, and adrenal incidentaloma.

Primary adrenal failure comprises an insufficient production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in the adrenal cortex. A rare manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is adrenal failure. The majority of patients with adrenal involvement in APS develop an irreversible cortisol deficiency and atrophy of the adrenal glands. Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses larger than 1 cm that are discovered in the course of diagnostic evaluation or treatment for another medical condition. Its prevalence is calculated in 1.5-9% of individuals. We describe an exceptional case of a 23-year-old male patient with APS with persistent high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) from the time of diagnosis, who developed Addison's disease as a manifestation of APS with atrophy of the adrenal glands, in whom an adrenal incidentaloma was developed later and was corroborated as an aldosterone-producing adenoma. Currently, the patient is asymptomatic and without manifestations of tumor recurrence. The protumoral effect of elevated and persistent aPL is discussed.

Pancreatic hemolymphangioma.

CONTEXT: Hemolymphangioma of pancreas is a tumor has its origins on vascular and lymphatic vessels malformation. At this time, only eight cases have been reported (PubMed). CASE REPORT: A 52-year-old woman with history of abdominal pain and early satiety was admitted to our external consultation. Laboratory data were normal. CT initially showed a high vascularized solid tumor, apparently arising from the right hepatic lobe, and it was considered to be a hemangioma. Two sessions of CT guided embolizations were performed. Control CT scan revealed a reduction in tumor´s size and location confined to pancreatic head. With this diagnosis studies and suspicion of neoplastic tumor, it was performed a pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Pathology report was to be a pancreatic head hemolymphangioma. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and management of cystic pancreatic tumors can be challenging. Cystectomy or even surgical procedures as pancreatoduodenectomy should be performed when is possible. We report a case of pancreatic hemolymphangioma, a benign cystic tumor with a rare incidence.

[Surgical complications of gallbladder and the biliary tree in the elderly patients]. / Complicaciones quirúrgicas de la vesícula y la vía biliar en el paciente geriátrico.

BACKGROUND: the morbidity and mortality in surgery of gallbladder and biliary tract (SGBT) in the geriatric patient define the prognostic. The aim was to describe the perioperative and immediate post-operative complications of the geriatric patient undergoing SGBT. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with control group in patients older than 60 years was done. The patients were divided into two groups by age (I: 60-69 years and II: > 70 years). The variables analyzed were morbidity, anesthetic risk, type of surgery, perioperative and post-operative complications, conversion rate and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: a total of 236 patients were included: 65.2 % were females with a mean age 68.5 years. Chronic cholelithiasis accounted for 83 % and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the procedure most commonly performed (72.8 %). Surgery was scheduled in 92 % cases and urgently in 8 %. In both groups, ASA rank was I-II in 76.2 % vs. 70.1 %; the conversion rate was 2.5 %. Complications were 13.5 %, of which 9.3 % were postoperative and 4.2 % of perioperative. Complications were higher in emergency surgery than elective surgery (36.8 % vs. 11.8 %). The average hospital stay was 4.2 days and there was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: the age does not represent an increase in complications. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and applicable in elderly. Complications presented were related to the urgent nature of the surgery.

Introducción: en el anciano, la morbilidad posoperatoria en la cirugía de vesícula y vía biliar se relaciona con el pronóstico. Se describen las complicaciones trans y posoperatorias en el anciano sometido a esa cirugía. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Se integraron dos grupos: I, pacientes de 60 a 69 años; II, mayores de 70 años. Se registraron comorbilidad, riesgo quirúrgico, tipo de cirugía, complicaciones trans y posoperatorias inmediatas, conversión y estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: se incluyeron 236 pacientes (65.2 % mujeres) con edad media de 68.5 años. La colecistitis crónica litiásica representó 83 % y la colecistectomía laparoscópica se utilizó en 72.8 %. La cirugía fue programada en 92 %. Se identificó ASA I-II en 76.2 y 70.1 % de los grupos I y II, respectivamente; la conversión fue de 2.5 %. Hubo complicaciones en 13.5 % (9.3 % en el posoperatorio y 4.2 % en el transoperatorio) y su proporción fue mayor en las cirugías urgentes (36.8 %) que en las programadas (11.8 %). La estancia hospitalaria fue de 4.2 días. No hubo mortalidad. Conclusiones: las complicaciones no se incrementaron con la edad pero sí con la urgencia de la cirugía. La colecistectomía laparoscópica es segura en geriatría.

[Adenocarcinoid neoplasm of the colon. Case report]. / Tumor adenocarcinoide de colon. Informe de un caso.

BACKGROUND: adenocarcinoid tumor is a rare malignancy that combines clinical and histological features of epithelial origin (adenocarcinoma) and neuroendocrine (carcinoid), occupies less than 1 % of all colorectal cancer histology, occurring mainly in the appendix and its presence in the colon is rare. CLINICAL CASE: we present a case of a 41-year-old female with sigmoid colon tumor, who underwent an extended left hemicolectomy and anastomosis; having a good postoperative evolution, with hospital stay of seventh days. The final histopathological study reported was adenocarcinoid colon tumor with free margins of injuries and four positive nodes of adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: adenocarcinoid tumors are present in the appendix in 85 to 95 % of all cases and only 6 % are located in the colon (13 % in sigmoid). Early diagnosis is certainly the most important determinant of good prognosis, in these cases the five-year survival is 80 to 84 %, and 15 years of 60 %.

Experiencia quirúrgica en el hiperparatiroidismo primario en el Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza'' / Surgical experience in primary hyperparathyroidism at the Specialty Hospital of the National Medical Center ''La Raza''

Objetivo: Presentar la experiencia quirúrgica en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo primario. Sede: Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza''. Diseño: Ambispectivo, observacional, longitudinal, descriptivo. Análisis estadístico: Porcentajes como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio en el periodo comprendido de enero del 2006 a diciembre del 2010 en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza''. Con seguimiento mínimo de un año, se revisó el expediente y su evolución a través del tiempo, enumerando morbilidad, mortalidad, así como recurrencia o éxito quirúrgico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 119 pacientes con una edad promedio de 51.8 años, 22 hombres y 97 mujeres. La mayor frecuencia de hiperparatiroidismo primario se observó entre los pacientes de 40 y 69 años de edad. El calcio sérico promedio fue de 11.6 mg/dl al momento del diagnóstico y la media de hormona paratiroidea fue de 274 pg/ml. El hallazgo histopatológico fue de 106 adenomas (89%) y 13 hiperplasias (10.9%). Se obtuvo la curación con la primera intervención en 113 pacientes (95%), de ellos dos presentaron complicaciones agudas (1.6%) y tres crónicas (2.5%), sin mortalidad. Conclusiones: Al determinar la recurrencia del hiperparatiroidismo primario dentro de la experiencia quirúrgica en este centro hospitalario de tercer nivel y comparándolo con lo reportado en la literatura mundial, éste se encuentra dentro del promedio. La utilidad del estudio al determinar la recurrencia nos sirve para detectar factores condicionantes de la misma, además de llevar a cabo un adecuado estudio preoperatorio y selección de los pacientes.

Objective: To present the surgical experience in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Setting: Third level health care center (Specialty Hospital of the National Medical Center ''La Raza''). Design: Ambispective, observational, longitudinal, descriptive study. Statistical analysis: Percentages as summary measure for qualitative variables. Patients and Methods: The study was performed from January 2006 to December 2010 in the General Surgery Service of the Specialty Hospital of the Centro Médico Nacional ''La Raza'', with a minimum follow up of one year. The clinical records were revised as well as evolution along time, assessing morbidity, mortality, recurrence or surgical success. Results: A total of 119 patients were included with an average age of 51.8 years; 22 men and 97 women. The highest frequency of primary hyperparathyroidism was observed among patients aged from 40 to 69 years. Average serum calcium was 11.6 mg/dl at the time of diagnosis, and the mean parathyroid hormone value was of 274 pg/ml. Histopathological findings included 106 adenomas (89%) and 13 hyperplasias (10.9%). Cure was obtained with the first surgery in 113 (95%) patients with two acute complications (1.6%) and three chronic ones (2.5%); no mortality was recorded. Conclusions: When determining recurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism according to surgical experience in this third level healthy care center and comparing with that reported in the worldwide literature, our result lie within the average. Determining recurrence is useful to detect its conditioning factors, aside from performing adequate preoperative study and patient selection.

Pancreatitis aguda grave, manejo quirúrgico en un hospital de tercer nivel / Severe acute pancreatitis: surgical management in a third-level hospital

Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda grave está asociada a una mortalidad de 10 a 30 % en centros hospitalarios especializados y representa 20 % de los diagnósticos de pancreatitis. Las indicaciones para tratamiento quirúrgico son necrosis infectada, necrosis persistente, pancreatitis fulminante o complicaciones agudas de la pancreatitis como hemorragia o perforación intestinal. Métodos: Estudio que incluyó pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda grave del 1 de enero de 2000 al 31 de diciembre de 2007. Resultados: Se analizaron los expedientes de 82 pacientes, 63.4 % fue del sexo masculino; la etiología más frecuente de pancreatitis fue la biliar, en 63.4 %. La morbilidad fue de 62.19 %; 35.36 % presentó complicaciones pulmonares, 15.85 % fístula enterocutánea y 10.9 % hemorragia. La mortalidad fue de 20.73 %. Todos los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave fueron tratados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos; la nutrición parenteral se indicó en pacientes con intolerancia a la vía oral e imposibilidad de colocar una sonda nasoyeyunal; como terapia antibiótica profiláctica se utilizó un carbapenémico. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas se limitaron a necrosis pancreática infectada, necrosis pancreática estéril persistente, pancreatitis aguda fulminante e hipertensión intraabdominal y complicaciones como perforación intestinal y sangrado. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave se recomienda manejo por un equipo multidisciplinario en una unidad de cuidados intensivos; la nutrición parenteral y los antibióticos deben ser bien valorados y no utilizarlos en forma rutinaria, y una vez diagnosticada la pancreatitis grave su uso debe ser sistemático.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis has a reported mortality of 10-30% in specialized hospitals, representing 20% of patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Indications for surgery are infected necrosis, necrosis persistent, fulminant pancreatitis or acute pancreatitis complications such as bleeding or intestinal perforation. METHODS: We studied patients diagnosed with pancreatitis from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2007. RESULTS: We analyzed records of 82 patients, 63.4% were male and the most common etiology of pancreatitis was biliary in 63.4% of patients. Morbidity was 62.19%; 35.36% had pulmonary complications. In 15.85% of patients there was enterocutaneous fistula and 10.9% had bleeding. Mortality was 20.73%. In our hospital, all patients with severe acute pancreatitis are managed in the intensive care unit. Parenteral nutrition is only indicated in patients intolerant to oral feeding or with inability to place a nasojejunal tube. Use of antibiotics is based on carbapenem, and surgical indications are infected pancreatic necrosis, persistent sterile pancreatic necrosis, fulminant acute pancreatitis and abdominal hypertension, and complications such as intestinal perforation and bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that patients with severe acute pancreatitis are managed by a multidisciplinary team in an intensive care unit. The role of parenteral nutrition and antibiotics should be individualized.

Severe acute pancreatitis: surgical management in a third-level hospital.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis has a reported mortality of 10-30% in specialized hospitals, representing 20% of patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Indications for surgery are infected necrosis, necrosis persistent, fulminant pancreatitis or acute pancreatitis complications such as bleeding or intestinal perforation. METHODS: We studied patients diagnosed with pancreatitis from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2007. RESULTS: We analyzed records of 82 patients, 63.4% were male and the most common etiology of pancreatitis was biliary in 63.4% of patients. Morbidity was 62.19%; 35.36% had pulmonary complications. In 15.85% of patients there was enterocutaneous fistula and 10.9% had bleeding. Mortality was 20.73%. In our hospital, all patients with severe acute pancreatitis are managed in the intensive care unit. Parenteral nutrition is only indicated in patients intolerant to oral feeding or with inability to place a nasojejunal tube. Use of antibiotics is based on carbapenem, and surgical indications are infected pancreatic necrosis, persistent sterile pancreatic necrosis, fulminant acute pancreatitis and abdominal hypertension, and complications such as intestinal perforation and bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that patients with severe acute pancreatitis are managed by a multidisciplinary team in an intensive care unit. The role of parenteral nutrition and antibiotics should be individualized.