Knowledge, attitude, and practice of university students towards monkeypox in Bangladesh.

The recent outbreak of viral zoonotic disease-monkeypox-caused by the monkeypox virus, has infected many people worldwide. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning monkeypox among university students in Bangladesh. Data were collected using purposive snowball sampling from 887 university students through an online survey using Google Form. The participants were mostly in their twenties (M = 22.33 [SD 2.01] years), and they spent, on average, 2.59 [SD 1.91] hours/day on electronic and social media. The participants generally showed moderate knowledge (39.5%), low attitude (25.1%), and moderate practice (48.6%) toward monkeypox, with 47.6% having had a moderate KAP score. Findings further showed that personal attributes of university students, i.e., age, sex, year of schooling, residence, living status, geographical distribution, e.g., division, were statistically and significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding monkeypox and overall KAP score. It is also apparent that health status, susceptibility to monkeypox, and exposure to social media were the most common factors significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding monkeypox and overall KAP score. The current study's findings underscore the need for developing appropriate information, education, and communication (IEC) materials and their dissemination, which could play an important role in reducing the risk of monkeypox and similar other infectious diseases, particularly among students in Bangladesh.

A multilevel analysis to determine the factors affecting WHO recommended quantity antenatal care utilizations of pregnant women in Bangladesh.

Antenatal Care utilizations have become an essential phenomenon to all pregnant women as a means of disease preclusion during pregnancy and safe live birth. To lessen maternal death and disease, proper (minimum eight) antenatal care (ANC) contacts are necessary according to World Health Organization (WHO) new guideline. The aim of this study is to assess the factors affecting proper antenatal care utilization of pregnant Bangladeshi women. The study used data from the most recent Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 for conducting a two-level binary logistic regression model. A weighted sample of 4866 women and 675 clusters were considered as individual and community level respectively. The results exhibited only 11.6% women took proper antenatal care during pregnancy. The study found 23.9% variability in utilizations of Antenatal care belongs to community-level factors. At individual-level, mother's occupation, body mass index, birth-order, pregnancy intention, education, delivery place, and media access and at community-level, rural communities (AOR = 0.70, 95% C.I = 0.542-0.920), and communities having media access (AOR = 1.38, 95% C.I = 0.979-1.96) had significant relationship with proper antenatal care utilizations of pregnant women. After testing random slopes of individual-level variables, only education of women covariate was found to be varied from community to community. This study suggests that uptake of proper antenatal care depend on both individual and community level covariates and there lies extensive variation among them. Future studies on wider aspect are therefore suggested to determine obstacles in making proper Antenatal care utilizations.

Individual and Community-Level Determinants of Institutional Delivery Services among Women in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Improving maternal mortality attracts considerable interest with the critical invention through institutional delivery services (IDS) in reducing maternal death during delivery and ensuring safe childbirth. The influence of both individual and community-level factors is essential to using IDS. Problem Statement. Maternal death may occur at any time, but delivery without designated healthcare is by far the most dangerous time for both woman and her baby. Therefore, to combat the global burden of maternal mortality, it is necessary to ensure IDS worldwide. Objectives: This study explores the current knowledge of individual and community-level covariates and examines their extent of influence on the utilization of IDS in Bangladesh. Methods: Utilizing Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) data, this study has used two-level random intercept binary logistic regression, together with the average annual rate of increase (AARI) in the utilization of IDS and related variables. Results: This study found appreciable changes in seeking IDS, increases from 3.4% in 2007 to 51.9% in 2017, and half of the total deliveries (51%) took place in healthcare. About 26% of the total variation in the utilization of IDS is owing to differences across communities. Further, covariates including communities with higher educated women, higher utilization of ANC and access to media and at individual level, religion, maternal and parental education, wealth index, and mother-level factors (i.e., age at birth, BMI, occupation, ANC visit, birth order, own health care decision, pregnancy intention, and exposure to media) showed significant association with the utilization of IDS. Conclusion: This study observed the association between individual and community-level factors and IDS uptake. Thus, any future strategies must address individual level and community-level challenges and undertake a multisectoral approach to enhance the uptake of IDS.