Effects of Meridian Massage on Weight in Infants and on Mother-Infant Interaction / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop a new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight in infants and mother-infant interaction. METHOD: This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-one newborn infants from a postpartum Management Center were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from February 1 to September 30, 2004. Infants in the experimental group (16) were given Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily for 6 days and weighed every day at 10 am. Using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale(1978), mother-infant interaction was determined before the treatment, after 1 week and 1 month after the massage. RESULTS: Infants in the experimental group had a higher average weight than those in the control group and the difference was significant (Z=-2.29, p=.022). For mother-infant interaction, the experimental group had higher scores than the control group, and the difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 3 measurement times. CONCLUSION: The Meridian Massage in this study showed positive weight gain and positive mother-infant interaction. This study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant development.

A Comparative Study on Health Risk Factors between Cancer Patients and Healthy People / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data of a comprehensive counter-plan to promote health for people by comparing various factors related to cancer outbreak factors including general characteristics, health-related lifestyles, health promoting behaviors, perceived healthy status, life event stress and health care seeking behaviors with cancer patients and health people. METHOD: The study was designed to be a retrospective- comparison-survey-study and its data was collected through 5 types of questionnaires from September 2003 to December 2003. RESULTS: Cancer patients had lower education and household income, and many of them had no occupation. Cancer patients had a higher rate of smoking and drinking periods. Exercise level was higher in healthy people. However, Cancer patients were better in sleep and rest. In comparison with health promoting behaviors, it was higher in healthy people than in cancer patients but the two groups had no significant differences statistically. The perceived health status was higher in healthy people than in cancer patients. The health care seeking behaviors were higher in healthy people than in cancer patients. Cancer patients and healthy people's life event stress had no significant differences statistically. CONCLUSION: As a result of comparative analysis of cancer patients and healthy people's health risk factors, smoking, drinking period, regular exercise and health care seeking behaviors were suggested as direct or indirect risk factors for cancer patients. These finding can be applied to health promoting behavior programs to keep and promote optimal health status as well as to prevent cancer disease.

Body Image, Self-esteem and Depression in College Female Students: Normal and Overweight / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among variables of body image, self-esteem and depression in college female students according to the normal and overweight. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 245 college female students. The data was collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from May to June of 2001. The data was analyzed by the SPSS computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, x2-test, t-test and the pearson correlation coefficient. RESULT: Demographics provided a significant difference in grade, household income, weight control experience. There was a perceived health status difference, according to the normal and overweight subjects. There was a significant difference in body image, self-esteem and depression between the two groups. There was a significant positive correlation between body image and self-esteem, and negative correlation between body image and depression, and self-esteem and depression in college female students. CONCLUSION: The Findings of this study give useful information to construct further studies in intervention program relating overweight control for college female students.

A Study on Sandbag Management, vital sign, Pain and Hemorrhage after Kidney Biopsy in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome / 아동간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations in vital sign changes, the severity of pain, signs of complications, and the duration of sandbag management in order to suggest a standardized practice related to sandbag management in children with Nephrotic Syndrome(NS). METHOD: From October 2000 to May 2001, seventy children with NS who underwent kidney biopsy were interviewed at one hospital in Seoul Korea, and participated in this study. RESULT: 1) The average sandbag applying time after kidney biopsy was 18.1 hours. 2) Systolic blood pressure and respiration increased until 15 minutes after kidney biopsy, after then, they decreased significantly (systolic BP, p= .006; respiration, p= .029). However, no significant changes were noted in diastolic blood pressure and pulse. 3) Pain was reported minimal for 1 hour after kidney biopsy. The severity of pain increased until 12 hours after the procedure, then, decreased significantly(p= .0001). 4) Reported complications were hematuria (74.7%) and abnormal sonogram (32.9%). No apparent bleeding on the biopsy region was reported in any children. CONCLUSION: From these findings, it is possible to change the protocols of the duration of absolute bed rest time and sandbag application management shortly after kidney biopsy. But it is needed to study the fit protocols for kidney biopsy. Several implications in nursing practice are suggested. 1) Replicated studies for more participants are needed. 2) Further research on the effect of sandbag application after kidney biopsy is required. 3) The best duration of sandbag application management after kidney biopsy need to be investigated.

A Prediction Model for the Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Nephrotic Syndrom / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of the study was to develop and test the model for the quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literature. The conceptual framework was built around ten constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were mother's health, father's health, marital intimacy, mother's attitude on children, economic state, side effect of steroid, severity of illness and social support. Endogenous variables were mother's burden and quality of life. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model were collected by using a self-report questionnaire from 152 mothers of children with nephrotic syndrom at the outpatient clinics and in the hospital. The data was collected from May, 1999 to August, 1999. Reliability of the seven instruments was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from 0.71 - 0.92. For the data analysis, SPSS 8.0 WIN program and LISREL 8.20 WIN program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structural analysis were as follow : 1.The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data.[x2 = .56, df = 3, p = .90(p > .05 ), GFI = .99, AGFI = .99, RMSR = .005.] 2. For the parsimony of model, a modified model was constructed by deleting 1 variable and excluding 2 paths according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3.The modified model also showed a good fit with the data[x2 = 2.83, df = 7, p = .90( p > .05 ), GFI = 1.00, AGFI = .97, RMSR = .011]. The result of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1.Mother's health( gamma 21 = .26, t = 4.16), father's health( gamma 22 = .19, t = 2.92), marital intimacy( gamma 23 = .26, t = 4.13) and social support( gamma 28 = .12, t = 2.03) had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. 2. Mother's burden( beta 21 = -.20, t = -3.10) had a significant negative direct effect on the quality of life. 3. Mother's attitude on children( gamma 14 = -.34, t = .-4.57), mother's health( gamma 11 = -.22, t = -2.96) and side effect of steroid ( gamma 16 = -.23, t = .-2.69) had a significant direct negative effect on the burden. The result of this study showed that mother's health, marital intimacy, mother's burden, father's health, and social support had a significant direct effect on the quality of life. Mother's attitude on children, mother's health, and side effect of steroid had a significant direct effect on mother's burden. These six variables, mother's health, marital intimacy, father's health, social support, mother's attitude on children and side effect of steroid were identified as relatively important variables. The results of this study suggest, it needed to determine the nursing intervention will alleviate mother's burden and promote a greater quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrom.

The Influence of Thermal Head and Feet Support on Early Stage Weight Gain in Premature Neonates / 아동간호학회지

This is a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design in quasi experimental basis to assess how the thermal head and feet support influences on early stage weight gain in premature neonates. The clients were selected among the premature infants with the weight under 2000gms and with the gestational period under 37 weeks, admitted over 15 days in K university hospital, Seoul. The control group of 29 were selected from January 1998 to August 1998, who were without head and feet thermal support, and the experimental group of 30 were selected from September 1998 to May 1999, who were with the two thermal interventions. The results of the study follow, 1.The experimental group with thermal interventions showed more weight gain than the control group without thermal interventions, which was statistically significant between the two groups. 2.The physiological weight loss after birth showed less in the experimental group than in the control group. 3.The recovery of the birth weight after the physiologic weight loss showed no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group. Consequently, the thermal head and feet supportive nursing intervention could be applied as a nursing intervention program to help the premature neonates' development. With the results above we should like to suggest the following: 1) A continuous application in the practice of our thermal supportive intervention for the premature neonates, a development of the content through evaluation, and a comparision of the results through a long time study. 2) A neccessity of deveopment of various study and cross comparision. 3) A neccessity of multi-angular study on the premature infants' characteristics influencing the thermal therapy and the study of the individual differences of the clients.

The Educational Needs and Satisfactory about Infant Care of the Mothers in the Post-partum Care Center / 아동간호학회지

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.

The Educational Needs and Satisfactory about Infant Care of the Mothers in the Post-partum Care Center / 아동간호학회지

This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.

A Study on Burden and Quality of Life in Mothers of Child with Nephrotic Syndrome / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to identity the level of burden and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were 68 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients who children hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul. The data were collected through a questionnaires and the period of the data collection was from August 1st to September 30th ,1998. The instruments for this study were Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Montgomery et. al (1985) and Quality of life scale designed by Ro, Yoo JA (1988). The statistical analysis was used by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of were as follows : 1. The level of burden showed a mean score 54.47 and the level quality of life, a mean score 140.20. 2. The level of burden differed according to s religion, pt's purpose of admission and perceived patient's condition by mothers. 3. The level of quality of life differed according to perceived pt's condition by mothers. 4. There was a negative correlation between burden and quality of life(r=-3.97, p<.001).

The Effect of Supportive Nursing Education Program on Burden and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Nephrotic Syndrom / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the supportive nursing intervention program on Burden and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Nephrotic Sybdrome. The data were collected from a group of 67 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients(34 in the intervention group, 33 in the control group) from July 1, 1998 to Dec, 30, 1988, Measurements were burden and quality of life from both groups at pre and post intervention. The supportive nursing educational program consists of individual lectures and discussion at the individual level. Listed are the summarized result: 1. The intervention group had a lower level of burden (p<0.05) than the control group intervention. 2. The level of quality of life was not significant during the intervention. According to this study a developed supportive musing intervention program is effective for reduction of the burden. For future research, it is necessary that experiments concerning quality of life in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome, be conducted.

An Analyses of Research Trend and Proposition Related to Self-care / 간호학회지

This study was performed to analyse the tendency of the self-care studies, to investigate the variables related to self-care, which could be applied for the data establishing the theory of self-care. to accomplish the objectives of this study, the researchers analyzed 83 studies, available that contained the area of self-care, which was published in local and foreign areas between 1981 and Feb. 1997. The findings of this study are as follows: 1) Studies published in Korea were about twice more than foreign studies. According to the statistics, the number of studies in this study tended to increase year by year. Between 1991 and 1995 were most. Analysis on the subject of this studies showed, that they were most dealt with chronic diseases an adults. 2) The theoretical definition of self-care were most referred to Orem's self-care. For the main concept of studies, self care performance was the most. 3) The correlational study was most often used design and experimental study is tended to increase. The questionnaires were the most often used data collection method. There was lots of different variable measuring technique to evaluate main concepts. 4) In the results of analysis on the propositions related to the self-care performance, a client's education, social support, self-efficacy, and level of knowledge as a causal variable were found. Also, the physiological index improved and quality of life were fond to be significant effective variables.

The Educational Needs of Mothers of Children with Nephrotic Syndrome / 아동간호학회지

This is descripitive study conducted to identify educational needs of mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients. The study subjects were composed of 74 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from June to september in 1996. A questionnaire for this study was item Kikert type 5 point scale, developed on the basis of previous literature and researcher's clinical experience and the reliability of the used instruments was alpha=.97. t-test, and ANOVA were used to determine the effect of general characteristics of subjects on their educational needs. Pearson correlation was done to measure relations between general characteristics of subjects and their educational needs and Stepwise Multiple Regression was done to test a variable affecting educational needs. The results were as follows. 1. Mean score of the educational needs of the subjects was 137.06(Maximum 176). The educational needs of home care was the highest score, but the question numbers are smaller than other categories. So, the educational need of the diagnosis and treatment was regarded as the highest in contents. 2. The number of subject's children, except for patient revealed significant negative correlation to educational need. 3. The number of subject's children, except for patient(R2=.215289 P=.0006) and the age of patient(R2=.23770 P=.0001) were emerged as important variables affecting the degree of mothers' educational need. Suggestion are as follows on the basis of these results. 1. It is proposed that nurses use these results of the study activity for the educational program for Nephrotic Syndrome patients and their mothers. 2. It is identified that the educational needs of the mothers of nephrotic syndrome is high, So, it is suggested to identify and analysis the degree of the nurse's educational performance perceived by mother 3. It is suggested to make a comparative study of the degree of nurse's understanding of the importance on educational items with the instruments of this study.