[DESIDENT CaviCide a new disinfectant]. / DESIDENT CaviCide--nový dezinfekcní prípravek.

The properties of the new disinfection agent DESIDENT CaviCide, such as characteristics, disinfection efficiency, biological degradability and ecotoxicity are described. Also areas and forms of usage this biocidal agent are mentioned.

[Foams as disinfectant carriers]. / Peny jako nosice látek s dezinfekcním ucinkem.

The article deals with surfactants capable of forming an aerodispersive system, foam, under specific conditions as described below. Characteristics of surfactants usable as foaming agents are specified. Attention is paid to detergency and detergent effects of foams, wetting process, dispersion formation, stabilization of foams and stabilizers. Rheological properties of foams, more precisely volume increase and stability, are described. Methods for disinfection efficacy testing of foaming agents are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of using foams for disinfection are summarized: it is concluded that the use of foams in disinfection is universally advantageous and means a great advance in disinfection technology.

A comparison of the decontamination efficacy of foam-making blends based on cationic and nonionic tensides against organophosphorus compounds determined in vitro and in vivo.

The ability of foam-making blends to decontaminate the skin exposed to organophosphorus compounds was tested. The appropriate composition and rheological features (stability, grade of foaming) of tested blends were evaluated by in vitro methods and their ability to remove the contaminants from hard surface and to transform the contaminants into nontoxic compounds was evaluated by in vivo methods. The blends containing cationic and nonionic tensides as well as alkalized hydrogen peroxide seem to be the most efficacious to decontaminate the skin exposed to organophosphorus compounds according to the literature data. The composition of tested blends was optimized because particular components often have antagonistic effects. Cationic tensides support the reactivity of the blend and control the grade of foaming. Nonionic tensides control the stability of the foams but also react as retardants of the reactivity of the foams. Hydrogen peroxide is a real reacting component when it is transformed into hydrogen peroxide anion. It also acts as buffer if pH is higher than 11. Our in vivo results confirm that Desam OX (34 and 68%) and the foam-making blend containing benzalkonium chloride--Althosan MB (8%), Slovasol 2510 (2%) and hydrogen peroxide (3%) alkalized at pH 12 seem to be the most efficacious to remove contaminants (soman, VX) from the skin and transform them into nontoxic compounds. Therefore they could be used for primary decontamination of chemical casualties contaminated with nerve agents in the field condition.

The dialysis of Ochratoxin A (OTA).

Standard dialysis did not result in a decrease of the OTA level in the blood serum of patients regularly treated by dialysis. Therefore, we examined the effect of dialysis on both OTA bound to the blood plasma proteins and free OTA. We carried out an in vivo experiment to determine OTA levels in the serum of patients in the terminal stage of chronic renal insufficiency (CHRI) before and after dialysis and also in the dialysate in which we did not find OTA. OTA bound to blood plasma proteins did not penetrate the dialysis membrane. In contrast, free OTA during an in vitro experiment with the identical dialyzer (as during the in vivo experiment), easily penetrated the same dialysis membrane.

Distribution of nickel in body fluids and organs of rats chronically exposed to nickel sulphate.

1. Male and female rats were given 100 mg Ni L-1 (as nickel sulphate) in drinking water for 6 months. 2. The feeding of nickel was associated with an increased concentration of nickel in body fluids and organs. The highest concentrations of nickel were found in the liver of both male and female rats. In male rats nickel levels decreased in the order: liver > kidney = whole blood = serum > testes > urine. In female rats the decreasing order was similar: liver > kidney = whole blood = serum = plasma > urine > ovaries. 3. No significant differences were found between nickel concentrations in organs (except ovaries), blood and urine of rats exposed for 3 months and those exposed for 6 months indicating the reaching of a steady state of nickel in the rat during long-term exposure. 4. The urinary excretion of the orally administered nickel was only 2% of absorbed dose (supposing 1% Ni absorption).

[Literature findings and suggestions for modification of the fluorometric method for determination of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase in urine]. / Literární poznatky a návrh modifikované fluorimetrické metody stanovení aktivity n-acetyl-beta-d-glukosaminidázy v moci.

Literature data are summarized on the determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in human urea. Based on these data, the modified determination of NAG activity in urea has been worked out. The latter consists in selection of suitable conditions for providing enzyme reaction and conditioning the area sample used to determine the NAG activity.