Ecology and Human Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

A brief overview of the main areas of research presented in the section "Ecology and human health" at the XV International Scientific Conference "Physics and Radioelectronics in Medicine and Ecology - PhREME'2022," held on June 28-30, 2022 in Suzdal', is presented.

Ecology and Human Health: Medical Technology Aspects.

We present here a brief review of the lines of research presented at the section Ecology and Human Health of the XIVth Conference on Physics and Radio Electronics in Medicine and Ecology (PhREME'2020), July 1-3, 2020, held in Vladimir City.

Comparison of the Effects of Septoplasty and Sinus Lifting Simulation in Rats on Changes in Heart Rate Variability.

The effects of septoplasty and sinus lifting simulation in rats on changes in the frequency domain of heart rate variability were compared. In the early postoperative period, the low-frequency component increases, and the high-frequency component decreases. The VLF range also increased. This indicates an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and a shift in metabolism under the influence of post-surgical inflammation.

Collagen Hydrolysis Products Reduce the Formation of Stress-Induced Ulcers by Regulating Stress-Associated Activation of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems.

We studied the effect of collagen fragments (PGP and AcPGP) on serum content of epinephrine, corticosterone, and IL-1ß in rats subjected to water-immersion stress. The degree of local inflammation accompanying ulceration was assessed by IL-1ß production by ln. gastricus caudalis cells. In 1 h, the sharp increase in hormone concentrations in the blood of stressed animals reflected the high stress intensity. Intranasal administration of PGP reduced the area of stress-induced ulcers by 63%, prevented the increase in the levels of stress hormones and the main proinflammatory cytokine in rat blood. The concentrations of IL-1ß in cell culture from regional lymph node of experimental animals returned to normal in 24 and 48 h after the stress. Acetylation of PGP prevents with gastroprotection, but does not abrogate other properties of the peptide.

[Ecology, adaptation and biorhythms]. / Ekologiia, adaptatsiia i bioritmy.

The interfusion of environmentology and chronobiology makes it possible to explore various physiological mechanisms which arose in the process of evolution as a response to the external challenges. Therefore, a living organism adapts to a changing situation on the environmental and evolutional time scale. Since the temporal structure of environment is rhythmic by nature, body parameters may be strongly dependent on the environmental factors during adaptation. Results of the in-depth environmental and physiological studies of representatives of different climatic-geographical regions pointed to a series of common and individual properties of the human body reaction to an environment. The combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia (rebreathing test) brought into light a relationship of the reciprocal reaction of respiration and circulation to the body mass index and the average annual temperature in a region. The higher the temperature, the lower the body mass index, the weaker the hemodynamic reaction and the more expressed the ventilatory reaction.

[The ecological conditions in the Aral Sea area and the functional reserves of the human body]. / Ekologicheskie usloviia v Priaral'e i funktsional'nye rezervy organizma cheloveka.H

The authors give their judgment of the cardiorespiratory status of the population in the ecologically disaster area to the south of the Aral. The data from examination of various age groups of the native population inhabiting eco-varying regions are published. The authors make a conclusion about an important role of environment in formation of the bronchopulmonary system.

[Gas exchange and physical work capacity of natives of different geographical regions]. / Gazobmen i fizicheskaia rabotosposobnost' u urozhentsev razlichnykh geograficheskikh regionov.

A study was carried out to investigate exercise tolerance, gas exchange and external respiration of Latin-American students who lived in Moscow for a year. As controls Soviet students residing in and around Moscow were used. The above parameters were measured at a different time of the day in response to a hypercapnic exposure. Exercise tolerance was determined using the test PWC170. External respiration and gas exchange were investigated at rest and during 5 min exercises with a load of 1 and 2 Wt/kg body weight. CO2 sensitivity was determined by means of the rebreathing method. In the evening the Latin-American students showed a trend towards an increase of the cardiorespiratory activity and exercise tolerance. The Soviet students did not display changes in exercise tolerance. The Latin-American students showed an increase in the morning and a decrease in the evening of external respiration reactions. The Soviet students exhibited opposite variations. Direct alveolar measurements demonstrated an increase of pCO2 in the alveolar air in the Latin-American students in the evening and a decrease of the parameter in the Soviet students. It is suggested that cyclic changes in external respiration in response to hypercapnia are associated with exercise tolerance.