[Functional role of dragonfly legs before and after hatching: reorganization of coordinating interactions].

The characteristics of a structure-functional organization of leg apparatus were examined in the dragonfly Aeshna grandis: larvae of the final stadium, which legs perform a locomotion function and adults (imago) rising on a wing, which legs lose a locomotion function and are used mainly for catching a prey in the air. It has been demonstrated that legs of the imago practically do not differ from those of the larva either in shape or in proportion of segments of the leg and all changes in the functional role of legs of the imago are implemented due to modifications of mechanisms of limb muscle control and an appropriate reorganization or coordinating interactions. As it is proved by the obtained data, this reorganization concerns mechanisms of the generation of motor commands as well as close coordination of the activity of wing and leg apparatus and some others. The abovementioned mechanisms are discussed.

[Functional role of leg receptors of the cockroach Periplaneta americana in the system of walking control].

This work deals with study of role of the hair plate (HP) and of the campaniform sensilla (CS) on legs of the cockroach Periplaneta americana in the system of walking control. These receptors were shown to induce their regulatory, correctional effect on the rhythm of the cockroach steps depending on the external circumstances. These effects are mainly realized only at slow walking.

[External proprioceptors of locust locomotor organs and their changes during early larval ontogenesis].

This work studies topography and structure of such important insect external proprioceptors as campaniform sensillae (CS). These mechanoreceptors are essential components of insect posture and locomotion regulation and participate in control of various forms of insect motor behavior (walking, jump, flight). There are traced their quantitative changes as well as differences in distribution of groups of these leg receptors at consecutive stages (from the 1st to the 4th) of ontogenetic development of larva of the locust Locusta migratoria L. The presence of groups of CS in proximal parts of extremities has been noted as early as in the 1st instar larvae. The CS groups in the wing pads were revealed only in the 4th instar larvae. The presented data allow connecting changes in structure and distribution of these proprioceptors on central generators of the locomotion rhythms.

[Effect of static load on motor behavior of the cockroach Periplaneta americana].

Effect of static load on activity of motor centers controlling motor activity (walking flight) was studied in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana L. It has been established that under effect of load on the animal body the relative excitability of these centers increases. A suggestion is put forward about the presence of common neuronal elements in the generator networks providing motor acts in the American cockroach; a role of afferent systems in control of excitability of locomotor centers functioning in the regime of static load is shown.

[The structural-functional organization of the endoplasmic reticulum in the neurons of the rat cerebellar cortex]. / Strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia éndoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma v neironakh kory mozzhechka krysy.

Electron microscopic investigation of neuronal elements in the cerebellar cortex of rats revealed the existence of septal reticulum in axonal collaterals of Purkinje cells, in axons of basket cells and in mossy fibers. It was shown that this reticulum acts as a calcium depot. The presence in neuroplasm of the developed system of evenly distributed reticulum, which forms relatively isolated compartments and acts as the calcium depot may account for local regulation of rearrangements in the cytoskeleton. Wide presentation of the septal reticulum in the nervous cells of both invertebrates and vertebrates indicates functional determination of this structure.