Abortion in the First Trimester. Guideline of the DGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015-094, December 2022) - Part 2 with Recommendations for Surgical Termination of Pregnancy and Follow-up Care After Termination of Pregnancy.

Purpose The aim was to develop evidence-based recommendations where possible. The guideline presents the medical principles and scientific evidence for indications, counselling of affected persons, performing terminations, the choice of method, and the care and monitoring of a terminated pregnancy up until week 12 + 0 of gestation p. c. Methods In accordance with the requirements for an S2k-guideline, the contents of the guideline were drafted following a systematic search of the literature by a representative interdisciplinary group of experts. Guideline authors held several formal meetings under the auspices of the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) during which the contents of the guideline were finalised and agreed upon. Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on the surgical termination of pregnancy and follow-up care after termination of pregnancy.

Abortion in the First Trimester. Guideline of the DGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015-094, December 2022) - Part 1 with Recommendations on Care Structures, Information and Advice on Decision-Making, Measures Before Abortion and Medical Abortion.

Purpose The aim was to develop evidence-based recommendations where possible. The guideline presents the medical principles and scientific evidence for indications, the counselling of affected women, performing terminations, the choice of method, and the care and monitoring of a terminated pregnancy up until week 12 + 0 of gestation p. c. Methods In accordance with the requirements for S2k-guidelines, the contents of the guideline were drafted following a systematic search of the literature by a representative interdisciplinary group of experts. Guideline authors held several formal meetings under the auspices of the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) during which the contents of the guideline were finalised and agreed upon. Recommendations A total of 61 recommendations are provided, covering care structures, provision of information and counselling to support decision-making, the measures to be taken before terminating the pregnancy, and medical termination of the pregnancy.

Designing New Sustainable Polyurethane Adhesives: Influence of the Nature and Content of Diels-Alder Adducts on Their Thermoreversible Behavior.

With a view to the development of new sustainable and functional adhesives, two Diels-Alder (DA) adducts are incorporated as a third component into the curing process of solvent-based and solvent-free polyurethanes in this study. The influence of the nature and content of the DA molecules on the retro-DA (rDA) reaction and its reversibility and cyclability is investigated. It is demonstrated that the bonding/debonding properties of the adhesives are mainly controlled by the concentration of the DA adducts, with a minimum thermoreversible bond (TB) content required that depends on the system and the total ratio between all the diols in the formulation. For the solvent-based system, rDA/DA reversibility can be repeated up to ~20 times without deterioration, in contrast to the solvent-free system where a gradual loss in the DA network reconstruction efficiency is observed. Despite this limitation, the solvent-free system presents clear advantages from an environmental point of view. The changes observed in the physical properties of these new thermoreversible adhesives are of great relevance for recycling strategies and, in particular, their potential for separating multilayered film packaging materials in order to recycle the individual polymer films involved.

Hormonal Contraception. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3 Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/015, January 2020).

Aims This is an official interdisciplinary guideline published and coordinated by the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Austrian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG) and the Swiss Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The guideline was developed for use in German-speaking regions and is backed by numerous professional societies and organizations. The aim of this guideline is to provide an evidence- and consensus-based overview of the diagnostic approach and the management of hormonal contraception based on a systematic evaluation of the relevant literature. Methods To compile this S3-guideline, a systematic search for evidence was carried out in PubMed and the Cochrane Library to adapt existing guidelines and identify relevant reviews and meta-analyses. A structured evaluation of the evidence was subsequently carried out on behalf of the Guidelines Commission of the DGGG, and a structured consensus was achieved based on consensus conferences attended by representative members from the different specialist societies and professions. Recommendations Evidence-based recommendations about the advice given to women requesting contraception were compiled. The guideline particularly focuses on prescribing contraceptives which are appropriate to women's individual needs, take account of her personal circumstances, and have few or no side effects.

Controlled synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene) in continuous flow.

There is an increasing demand for organic semiconducting materials with the emergence of organic electronic devices. In particular, large-area devices such as organic thin-film photovoltaics will require significant quantities of materials for device optimization, lifetime testing and commercialization. Sourcing large quantities of materials required for the optimization of large area devices is costly and often impossible to achieve. Continuous-flow synthesis enables straight-forward scale-up of materials compared to conventional batch reactions. In this study, poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, was synthesized in a bench-top continuous-flow reactor. Precise control of the molecular weight was demonstrated for the first time in flow for conjugated polymers by accurate addition of catalyst to the monomer solution. The P3HT samples synthesized in flow showed comparable performance to commercial P3HT samples in bulk heterojunction solar cell devices.

Continuous flow synthesis of conjugated polymers.

A selection of conjugated polymers, widely studied in organic electronics, was synthesised using continuous flow methodology. As a result of superior heat transfer and reagent control, excellent polymer molecular mass distributions were achieved in significantly reduced reaction times compared to conventional batch reactions.

Fluorenyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-dendritic oligothiophene hybrid materials: synthesis, photophysical properties, self-association behaviour and device performance.

Apart from molecular properties, intermolecular forces play a vital role in defining the performance of organic electronic devices. This is particularly relevant in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells in which the arrangement of electron-donor and -acceptor materials into distinct crystalline phases of ideal size and distribution can lead to better power conversion efficiencies. In this study, a series of fluorenyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (FHBC) decorated with thiophene dendrons (DOT) of variable size was obtained by using a convergent synthetic approach. With such variety of molecular sizes and shapes in hand, the objective of this study is to highlight the relationships between molecular properties, bulk properties and device performance. Correlations between π-π stacking ability and dendrimer generation were established from self-organisation studies in solution and solid state. The synergistic combination of molecular organisation at the nanoscale and photophysical characteristics derived from the FHBC and DOT moieties leads to a notable improvement of the photovoltaic performance.

Continuous flow synthesis of fullerene derivatives.

Various fullerene-based electron acceptor materials for organic photovoltaic applications were prepared via [3+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions using a continuous flow approach. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the tosylhydrazone precursor and the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of indene to either C(60) or C(70) under conventional batch reaction conditions were translated to the continuous flow process. By varying the residence time, temperature, and equivalents of cycloaddition reagent, significant improvements in yields and reaction times were achieved over conventional batch processes.

Liquid crystalline order from ortho-phenylene ethynylene macrocycles.

Triangular ortho-phenylene ethynylene (o-PE) cyclic trimers represent a novel member of shape-persistent macrocycles. Shape-persistent cyclic structures remain of great interest as molecular components in the fields of supramolecular materials, host-guest chemistry, and materials science. Novel discotic liquid crystalline properties are reported from triangular-shaped o-PE macrocycles containing branched alkoxy- and/or triethylene glycol (TEG) side chains using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The macrocycles self-assemble into thermotropic rectangular columnar (Colr) (for M1), hexagonal columnar (Colh) (for M2), and discotic nematic (for M3) mesophases at room temperature. This work shows clearly that electron-rich PE macrocycles can form LC materials. Alkyl side chains in M1 promote order, while hydrophilic side chains of M2 generate an amphiphilic structure that provides a different driving force for organization. The ability to create ordered self-assembling materials from these novel electron-rich macrocycles is important in nanotechnology.