Changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during fermentation of ancient plants Pu-erh tea.

"Ancient tea plants" are defined as tea trees > 100 years old, or with a trunk diameter > 25 cm; their leaves are manufactured to high - quality, valuable ancient plants pu-erh tea (APPT). In this study, a fermentation of APPT were developed, and outstanding sweetness of APPT infusion was observed. During fermentation, the content of soluble sugars, theabrownins (p < 0.05), as well as 41 metabolites were increased [Variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1.0; p < 0.05 and Fold-change (FC) FC > 2]; While relative levels of 72 metabolites were decreased (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05 and FC < 0.5. Staphylococcus, Achromobacter, Sphingomonas, Thermomyces, Rasamsonia, Blastobotrys, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were identified as dominant genera, and their relative levels were correlated with contents of characteristic components (p < 0.05). Together, changes in sensory characteristics, chemical composition and microbial succession during APPT fermentation were investigated, and advanced the formation mechanism of its unique quality.

Effectiveness and Clinical Value of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Cholangiography in the Diagnosis of Biliary Calculi.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and clinical value of cholangiography in the diagnosis of bile duct stones in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: 200 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were randomly divided into research group and control group, with 100 cases in each group. The research group underwent choledochotomy and exploration with the help of choledochoscope, while the control group underwent cholangiography to diagnose bile duct stones. The cure rate, residual stone rate, complication rate, intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: in the control group, 9 cases were converted to laparotomy, 20 cases of common bile duct stones, 10 cases of bile duct injury and 6 cases of common bile duct variation. In the research group, there were 2 cases of conversion to laparotomy, 12 cases of common bile duct stones, 2 cases of bile duct injury and 4 cases of common bile duct variation. The cure rate of the researchgroup was higher than that of the control group, There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The residual amount of stones in the research group was lower than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the research group was lower than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The patient satisfaction in the research group was higher than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The intraoperative blood output of the research group was lower than that of the observation group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: cholangiography is an effective method for the diagnosis of bile duct stones in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Clarifying the variation and anatomical structure of bile duct is helpful to improve the surgical cure rate, reduce the residual rate of postoperative stones and the incidence of complications, reduce the amount of intraoperative bleeding, shorten the hospital stay, and promote the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

[Electrocardiogram Minnesota codings from 30 000 adult cases with Kazakh ethnicity in Xinjiang, China].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the abnormal Minnesota code (MC) distribution and interrelated characteristic on electrocardiograms (ECGs) of the adult Kazakh population. METHODS: Resting ECGs and blood press of randomly sampled 30 000 adult Kazakh people in three Northern regions of Xinjiang were continuously examined and analyzed, using Minnesota code recommended by WHO as the classification of ECG. RESULTS: The overall rate of abnormal ECG findings was 248.60 per thousand, and the main abnormality in males was 146.83 per thousand, compared to 157.71 per thousand in females. The prevalence rates of abnormal ST-T changes, the total arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation (AF) were 100.03 per thousand, 71.17 per thousand and 2.83 per thousand respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the main abnormities from the three regions. CONCLUSION: The ECGs abnormalities of adult Kazakh people were high. There was significant relation found between the main abnormalities and hypertension. The prevalence of AF was different from the domestically reported literature that calls for further study.