[ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO HYGIENIC REGULATION OF XENOBIOTICS].

Hygienic standardization (HS) of chemicals remains to be the one of the effective ways to ensure chemical safety of the population. At that hygienic standards (such as maximum allowable concentrations--MACs) are interrelated and aggregated into the coherent systems. Therefore, the task of the study was in establishment of the logic of inter- standard relations between the existing standards and actualization of legitimate relations of the interrelations such as MACwz/MACatm, (i.e., to systematize standards) and so as CL50/MACwz (reflecting the ratio of reliability). In the suggested systemic approach the benchmark indices of the proposed HS system are the values of the MACwz. Standards for other media, including atmosphere air may be only some compartments of MACwz. The performed studies and calculations allowed to justify and implement the system approach into the practice of HS in Ukraine. There is need for further search for additional solutions in nonreachability of LC50 in the experiment, justification of standards for the population in the absence of MACwz, comparison with the data of normative databases of other countries. It is necessary to introduce the value of permissible deviation from the requirements of the systemness, to embody conditions (1)-(7) into the general principle of the prohibition of greater deviation and to harmonize acting and newly introduced standards within frameworks of modern ideology and methods of HS of harmful substances. This opens up broad prospects for the new phase of HS and a significant increase in the reliability of results obtained by the various methods and in different laboratories.

[Hygienic evaluation of working conditions and working process of fire rescue employees].

As a result of complex hygienic evaluation of working conditions of various professional groups ofpersonnel of State Emergency Service of Ukraine the labor activity of fire-rescues was found to occur in more hazardous conditions than appeared in fire trucks drivers and fire safety inspectors. The work in the area of fire extinguishing was shown to significantly affect on professionally important physiological functions of firemen, causing a decline in attention, memory, accuracy, reactions, increasing of the level of anxiety. Results of the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular system show a decrease in its functional reserves and adaptive capabilities in groups of firefighters and fire trucks drivers, compared with the inspectors. There was revealed the accelerated biological aging of firefighters--biological age appears to be significantly higher than the calendar one in average by 3.2 years, which is much more similar to the difference in other occupational groups (p < 0.01). In the mechanisms offunctional disregulatory disorders in fire-rescues the important role was established to belong to significant changes in the activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system, which exhibits a high secretory activity with a predominance of hormonal level response and the relative increase of the free forms of catecholamines on the background of a relative decrease in its reserve possibilities and metabolic uncoupling processes. The data obtained were hygienic prerequisitesfor the development of the complex psycho-hygienic prevention and medical and psychological rehabilitation of fire-rescue workers admitted in the Specialized center for medical and psychological rehabilitation of the State Service of Ukraine for emergencies, working at the base of the sanatorium "Odessa".

[The information-search system on industrial ecology of transport]. / Informatsionno-poiskovaia sistema po promyshlennoi ékologii na transporte.

The authors elaborated an informational search system managing some problems of industrial ecology in transport. Using ecologic survey in Baltic and Black Sea ports as an example, the authors revealed a correlation of morbidity among the workers and population with the air pollution, amounts and character of hazardous loads treated in the ports.

[Effect of bis(n-tributyltin)-oxide on the brain GABA-ergic system in vitro]. / Izuchenie vliianiia bis(n-tributilolovo)-oksida na GAMK-ergicheskuiu sistemu mozga in vitro.

Wide concentration range (10(-14)-10(-4) M) of bis-(n-tributyltin)-oxide effect on Na(+)-dependent uptake, spontaneous and K(+)-stimulated release, specific receptor binding and GABA metabolism were studied in vitro experiments using brain slices, synaptic membrane fraction and brain tissue homogenates. It is shown that the dependence "concentration-effect" is of non-linear character in all cases. Prevailing suppression of Na(+)-dependent uptake and specific receptor binding during K(+)-stimulated release and metabolism (production and utilization) of GABA activation were marked as a general tendency. Mechanisms of TBTO effect on the studied processes and the involvement of GABA-ergic system in realization of TBTO neurotoxic effects are discussed.

[Scientific and technical progress and the problems of protecting the health of workers in water transport]. / Nauchno-tekhnicheskii progress i problemy okhrany zdorov'ia rabotnikov vodnogo transporta.

The influence of scientific and technological progress on the work and life of man in the world ocean is analysed. The main results of investigations and practical solutions are described in details. The drawbacks in the research of some aspects of the problem are shown and the objects of further investigations are outlined.

[Lipid peroxidation and the trace element content of the blood in patients with lichen ruber planus of the oral mucosa]. / Sostoianie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i soderzhanie mikroélementov v krovi u bol'nykh krasnym ploskim lishaem slizistoi obolochki polosti rta.

Examinations of 143 patients with lichen planus of the buccal mucosa and of 45 normal subjects included studies of lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity and of anti-radical defence system, as well as measurements of a number of blood trace elements. Plasma and red cell LPO intensity in the patients was several times higher than in the controls. Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was found essentially reduced in the patients, whereas in red cells this activity surpassed 5 times the normal values. Glutathione reductase plasma activity was elevated and its red cell activity decreased. These findings indicate significant LPO disorders in the patients with lichen planus; their blood trace element levels were also found changed.

[Psycho-hygienic prevention and correction of functional disorders in workers at increased chemical hazard]. / Psikhogigienicheskaia profilaktika i korrektsiia funktsional'nykh narushenii u rabotaiushchikh v usloviiakh povyshennoi khimicheskoi opasnosti.

Examiners of sailors of special ships carrying chemical cargoes revealed psychoneurological disorders in distinction from changes of prevailingly physiological character observed carrying routine cargoes. The authors worked out a system of psychohygienic prophylaxis and correction of the negative changes with the purpose of achieving a positive effect on the mental status and general health condition of the sailors.

[Lipid peroxidation, peroxidase activity and glutathione antiperoxide systems in rat tissues under conditions of high altitude hypoxia]. / Peroksidatsiia lipidov, peroksikaznaia aktivnost' i sostoianie glutationovoi antiperekisnoi sistemy v tkaniakh krys pri vysotnoi gipoksii.

The content of lipid peroxides in rat tissues does not vary essentially under conditions of high altitude hypoxia. The peroxidase activity undergoes fluctuating changes with a significant increase in brain tissues. Among the enzymes of the glutathione antiperoxide system only the glutathione peroxidase activity shows a 5-10-fold decrease. As assumption is advanced that under conditions of hypoxia there occurs an inhibition of the glutathione antiperoxide system, which prevents the lipid peroxides level in tissues from falling.