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1.
Lab Anim Res ; 40(1): 25, 2024 Jun 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38898483

RESUMO

The study of adrenal disorders is a key component of scientific research, driven by the complex innervation, unique structure, and essential functions of the adrenal glands. This review explores the use of non-traditional animal models for studying congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It highlights the advantages, limitations, and relevance of these models, including domestic ferrets, dogs, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, pigs, and spiny mice. We provide a detailed analysis of the histological structure, steroidogenesis pathways, and genetic characteristics of these animal models. The morphological and functional similarities between the adrenal glands of spiny mice and humans highlight their potential as an important avenue for future research.

2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(9)2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38732204

RESUMO

The extraocular muscles (EOMs) possess unique characteristics that set them apart from other skeletal muscles. These muscles, responsible for eye movements, exhibit remarkable resistance to various muscular dystrophies and aging, presenting a significant contrast to the vulnerability of skeletal muscles to these conditions. In this review, we delve into the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the distinct properties of EOMs. We explore their structural complexity, highlighting differences in fiber types, innervation patterns, and developmental origins. Notably, EOM fibers express a diverse array of myosin heavy-chain isoforms, retaining embryonic forms into adulthood. Moreover, their motor innervation is characterized by a high ratio of nerve fibers to muscle fibers and the presence of unique neuromuscular junctions. These features contribute to the specialized functions of EOMs, including rapid and precise eye movements. Understanding the mechanisms behind the resilience of EOMs to disease and aging may offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating muscular dystrophies and myopathies affecting other skeletal muscles.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Músculos Oculomotores , Humanos , Músculos Oculomotores/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Animais , Distrofias Musculares , Junção Neuromuscular/fisiologia , Junção Neuromuscular/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo
3.
Anim Nutr ; 17: 61-74, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38737579

RESUMO

In recent decades, a lot of research has been conducted to explore poultry feeding behavior. However, up to now, the processes behind poultry feeding behavior remain poorly understood. The review generalizes modern expertise about the hormonal regulation of feeding behavior in chickens, focusing on signaling pathways mediated by insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and regulatory pathways with a cross-reference to mammals. This overview also summarizes state-of-the-art research devoted to hypothalamic neuropeptides that control feed intake and are prime candidates for predictors of feeding efficiency. Comparative analysis of the signaling pathways that mediate the feed intake regulation allowed us to conclude that there are major differences in the processes by which hormones influence specific neuropeptides and their contrasting roles in feed intake control between two vertebrate clades.

4.
Front Neurosci ; 18: 1346610, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38638695

RESUMO

Introduction: The remarkable diversity observed in the structure and development of the molluscan nervous system raises intriguing questions regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis in Mollusca. The expression of SoxB family transcription factors plays a pivotal role in neuronal development, thereby offering valuable insights into the strategies of neurogenesis. Methods: In this study, we conducted gene expression analysis focusing on SoxB-family transcription factors during early neurogenesis in the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. We employed a combination of hybridization chain reaction in situ hybridization (HCR-ISH), immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and cell proliferation assays to investigate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of LsSoxB1 and LsSoxB2 from the gastrula stage to hatching, with particular attention to the formation of central ring ganglia. Results: Our investigation reveals that LsSoxB1 demonstrates expanded ectodermal expression from the gastrula to the hatching stage, whereas expression of LsSoxB2 in the ectoderm ceases by the veliger stage. LsSoxB1 is expressed in the ectoderm of the head, foot, and visceral complex, as well as in forming ganglia and sensory cells. Conversely, LsSoxB2 is mostly restricted to the subepithelial layer and forming ganglia cells during metamorphosis. Proliferation assays indicate a uniform distribution of dividing cells in the ectoderm across all developmental stages, suggesting the absence of distinct neurogenic zones with increased proliferation in gastropods. Discussion: Our findings reveal a spatially and temporally extended pattern of SoxB1 expression in a gastropod representative compared to other lophotrochozoan species. This prolonged and widespread expression of SoxB genes may be interpreted as a form of transcriptional neoteny, representing a preadaptation to prolonged neurogenesis. Consequently, it could contribute to the diversification of nervous systems in gastropods and lead to an increase in the complexity of the central nervous system in Mollusca.

5.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 90(4): e0211323, 2024 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38470121

RESUMO

A major incident occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station following the tsunami triggered by the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake in March 2011, whereby seawater entered the torus room in the basement of the reactor building. Here, we identify and analyze the bacterial communities in the torus room water and several environmental samples. Samples of the torus room water (1 × 109 Bq137Cs/L) were collected by the Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings from two sampling points between 30 cm and 1 m from the bottom of the room (TW1) and the bottom layer (TW2). A structural analysis of the bacterial communities based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the predominant bacterial genera in TW1 and TW2 were similar. TW1 primarily contained the genus Limnobacter, a thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium. γ-Irradiation tests on Limnobacter thiooxidans, the most closely related phylogenetically found in TW1, indicated that its radiation resistance was similar to ordinary bacteria. TW2 predominantly contained the genus Brevirhabdus, a manganese-oxidizing bacterium. Although bacterial diversity in the torus room water was lower than seawater near Fukushima, ~70% of identified genera were associated with metal corrosion. Latent environment allocation-an analytical technique that estimates habitat distributions and co-detection analyses-revealed that the microbial communities in the torus room water originated from a distinct blend of natural marine microbial and artificial bacterial communities typical of biofilms, sludge, and wastewater. Understanding the specific bacteria linked to metal corrosion in damaged plants is important for advancing decommissioning efforts. IMPORTANCE: In the context of nuclear power station decommissioning, the proliferation of microorganisms within the reactor and piping systems constitutes a formidable challenge. Therefore, the identification of microbial communities in such environments is of paramount importance. In the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, microbial community analysis was conducted on environmental samples collected mainly outside the site. However, analyses using samples from on-site areas, including adjacent soil and seawater, were not performed. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of microbial communities, utilizing meta 16S amplicon sequencing, with a focus on environmental samples collected from the radioactive element-containing water in the torus room, including the surrounding environments. Some of the identified microbial genera are shared with those previously identified in spent nuclear fuel pools in countries such as France and Brazil. Moreover, our discussion in this paper elucidates the correlation of many of these bacteria with metal corrosion.


Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Fukushima , Monitoramento de Radiação , Poluentes Radioativos da Água , Água/análise , Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Poluentes Radioativos da Água/análise , Japão
6.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 2367, 2024 Mar 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38531868

RESUMO

The development of craniofacial skeletal structures is fascinatingly complex and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms will not only provide novel scientific insights, but also help develop more effective clinical approaches to the treatment and/or prevention of the numerous congenital craniofacial malformations. To this end, we performed a genome-wide analysis of RNA transcription from non-coding regulatory elements by CAGE-sequencing of the facial mesenchyme of human embryos and cross-checked the active enhancers thus identified against genes, identified by GWAS for the normal range human facial appearance. Among the identified active cis-enhancers, several belonged to the components of the PI3/AKT/mTORC1/autophagy pathway. To assess the functional role of this pathway, we manipulated it both genetically and pharmacologically in mice and zebrafish. These experiments revealed that mTORC1 signaling modulates craniofacial shaping at the stage of skeletal mesenchymal condensations, with subsequent fine-tuning during clonal intercalation. This ability of mTORC1 pathway to modulate facial shaping, along with its evolutionary conservation and ability to sense external stimuli, in particular dietary amino acids, indicate that the mTORC1 pathway may play a role in facial phenotypic plasticity. Indeed, the level of protein in the diet of pregnant female mice influenced the activity of mTORC1 in fetal craniofacial structures and altered the size of skeletogenic clones, thus exerting an impact on the local geometry and craniofacial shaping. Overall, our findings indicate that the mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in the effect of environmental conditions on the shaping of craniofacial structures.


Assuntos
Transdução de Sinais , Peixe-Zebra , Gravidez , Camundongos , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina , Dieta
7.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5676, 2024 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38453942

RESUMO

Actinobacteria are one of the predominant groups that successfully colonize and survive in various aquatic, terrestrial and rhizhospheric ecosystems. Among actinobacteria, Nocardia is one of the most important agricultural and industrial bacteria. Screening and isolation of Nocardia related bacteria from extreme habitats such as endolithic environments are beneficial for practical applications in agricultural and environmental biotechnology. In this work, bioinformatics analysis revealed that a novel strain Nocardia mangyaensis NH1 has the capacity to produce structurally varied bioactive compounds, which encoded by non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS), and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Among NRPS, five gene clusters have a sequence homology with clusters encoding for siderophore synthesis. We also show that N. mangyaensis NH1 accumulates both catechol- and hydroxamate-type siderophores simultaneously under iron-deficient conditions. Untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a variety of metabolites, including siderophores, lipopeptides, cyclic peptides, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the culture medium of N. mangyaensis NH1 grown under iron deficiency. We demonstrate that four CAS (chrome azurol S)-positive fractions display variable affinity to metals, with a high Fe3+ chelating capability. Additionally, three of these fractions exhibit antioxidant activity. A combination of iron scavenging metabolites produced by N. mangyaensis NH1 showed antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi. We have shown that the pure culture of N. mangyaensis NH1 and its metabolites have no adverse impact on Arabidopsis seedlings. The ability of N. mangyaensis NH1 to produce siderophores with antifungal, metal-chelating, and antioxidant properties, when supplemented with phytohormones, has the potential to improve the release of macro- and micronutrients, increase soil fertility, promote plant growth and development, and enable the production of biofertilizers across diverse soil systems.


Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Nocardia , Nocardia/genética , Nocardia/metabolismo , Sideróforos/metabolismo , Ecossistema , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Bactérias/metabolismo , Genômica , Metaboloma , Solo
8.
HLA ; 103(2): e15352, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38318784

RESUMO

Three novel HLA-A alleles HLA-A*02:1041Q, -A*02:1042, and -A*02:1043 alleles detected during routine next generation sequencing.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-A/genética
9.
HLA ; 103(1): e15328, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38174647

RESUMO

One nucleotide substitution in codon 83 of HLA-С*12:02:02:01 results in the novel allele, HLA-C*12:392.


Assuntos
Medula Óssea , Antígenos HLA-C , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Alelos , Éxons/genética , Códon , Doadores de Tecidos , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Doadores não Relacionados
10.
HLA ; 103(1): e15336, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38179839

RESUMO

HLA-A*02:01:216 has one nucleotide change from A*02:01:01:01 in codon 335.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A , Humanos , Alelos , Federação Russa , Antígenos HLA-A/genética
11.
HLA ; 103(1): e15337, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38180311

RESUMO

One nucleotide substitution in codon 67 of HLA-A*74:41 results in the novel allele, HLA-A*74:46.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Doadores de Tecidos , Humanos , Alelos , Nucleotídeos , Antígenos HLA-A/genética
13.
14.
HLA ; 103(1): e15271, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37877552

RESUMO

One nucleotide substitution in codon 281 of HLA-C*12:03:01:01 results in the novel allele, HLA-C*12:386.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-C , Humanos , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Alelos , Éxons/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Federação Russa
15.
HLA ; 103(1): e15275, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37920125

RESUMO

The novel HLA-B*49:81 allele differs by one nucleotide change from HLA-B*49:01:01.


Assuntos
Genes MHC Classe I , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Nucleotídeos
16.
HLA ; 103(1): e15264, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37864547

RESUMO

The novel HLA-A*03:01:120 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-A/genética
18.
HLA ; 103(1): e15259, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37827856

RESUMO

One nucleotide substitution in codon 279 of HLA-A*03:02:01:01 results in the novel HLA-A*03:02:07 allele.


Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A , Nucleotídeos , Humanos , Alelos , Códon , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Federação Russa
19.
HLA ; 103(1): e15258, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37827973

RESUMO

The novel HLA-DRB1*16:01:19 allele differs by one nucleotide change from HLA-DRB1*16:01:01.


Assuntos
Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Nucleotídeos , Humanos , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Alelos
20.
HLA ; 103(1): e15249, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37816628

RESUMO

HLA-B*37:108 and -B*38:108, two novel alleles detected in Russian individuals by next generation sequencing.


Assuntos
Genes MHC Classe I , Antígenos HLA-B , Humanos , Alelos , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Federação Russa , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala
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