The effect of different mobile uses on crash frequency among young drivers: application of statistical models and clustering analysis.

This study focuses on investigating the use of mobile phones among young drivers by employing an online questionnaire survey data. Ordinal logistic regression model was used for modelling the probabilities of crashes due to different uses of mobile phone while driving. Moreover, binary logistic regression models were used for predicting the probabilities of different uses of mobile phone. Logistic regression models revealed that texting and internet use have the same likelihood of causing crashes. Drivers having prior experience of being fined for mobile phone use, also showed a higher tendency to be involved in 2 crashes. Moreover, these drivers had a higher likelihood of being involved in texting, as compared to other uses of mobile phones. Drivers with more education had a higher tendency for internet use during driving. Drivers who use mobile phone for long periods during driving have a lesser tendency to get involved in texting, internet use or GPS navigation. Moreover, drivers with a previous crash record have less likelihood of being involved in texting. The models of this study can be useful in developing effective road safety measures. Clustering was also applied in this study which reinforced the findings of the statistical analysis and models.

An energy efficient design of a multi-layered crossover based 3:8 decoder using quantum-dot cellular automata.

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is advancing as an expectant and ongoing nanotechnology that relies on the behavior of electrons interacting with each other in a quantum cell where a single quantum cell acts like a molecule. This emergent technology promises to deal with the limitations of CMOS technology offering very low power operation with high speed. This paper presents an efficient 3:8 decoder using multilayer crossover technique and successfully implemented by QCA. The proposed decoder is more fault tolerant, having high performance and zero crosstalk due to adopting multilayer crossover technique. A comparative study also shows that the proposed design is less complex, dissipates less power and is more cost effective i.e. almost half of the cost of existing decoder having coplanar type. To validate our proposed design QCA Designer tool has been used.

Supplemental effects and metabolic fate of crystalline arginine in juvenile shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus.

Feeding experiments with juvenile kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) were conducted to understand the effects of supplemental levels of crystalline arginine hydrochloride on the growth and assimilation of arginine. In experiment 1 the juvenile shrimp were maintained on diets with and without arginine supplements. The addition of 3.0% arginine to a casein-based diet was slightly effective in improving the growth of the juveniles. In experiment 2, tracer experiments using [14C] arginine were conducted to clarify the ingestion and assimilation of arginine, 9 and 24 h after feeding, at different levels of supplemental arginine. Tracer experiments showed that the leaching rate of arginine 1 h after feeding ranged from 16 to 26% in the diets with different levels (0, 0.1, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0%) of supplemental arginine; that is, 74-84% of the given arginine was actually ingested by the shrimp fed the diets. However, with increasing levels of supplemental arginine the incorporation rate of arginine into the whole body decreased and the utilization of absorbed arginine for body protein synthesis was reduced, whereas the excretion of absorbed arginine was increased. Thus, the absorbed arginine was not effectively utilized for body protein synthesis when large amounts of arginine were supplemented to the diets.