Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Function: Current Medical Research and Opinion.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), which is defined as high blood glucose level, is a major public health issue worldwide. An enormous amount of data has been gathered regarding DM as populations have been living with it for more than a decade; however, continually updating our knowledge of DM remains important. Comorbidities are among the major challenges associated with DM. Poorly controlled DM, especially type 2 DM (T2DM), is considered a risk factor for many diseases, including but not limited to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Complications might appear over time as the aging process changes body functions; moreover, a significant number of antidiabetic medications are eventually cleared by the kidneys, thereby increasing the burden on kidney function and placing diabetic patients at risk. The significantly high number of patients with uncontrolled diabetes resulting from kidney disease shows the impact of this condition on the quality of life of patients. This review presents an overview of the pathophysiology, etiology, and prevalence of CKD and abnormal renal parameters correlated with poorly controlled T2DM, with an emphasis on clinical studies involving the association between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and CKD among patients with T2DM.

Assessment of kidney function and associated risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients.

AIM: diabetic patients are required for continuous monitoring programs hence continuous assessment of kidney function parameters is crucial. So, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and abnormal renal parameters, with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus pateints MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at private health care centre. A total of 300 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above attended the clinic from February 2018 to Dec 2018 were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records of patients. Statistical analysis was carried out using (SPSS, version 23). RESULTS: out of the 300 diabetes patients recruited 42% of patients with type 2 diabetes had abnormal Creatinine Serum levels and 22.3% had abnormal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Abnormal albumin urine levels were found in 28.3% and 11.3% had abnormal creatinine in urine. Abnormal Albumin: Creatinine Ratios (Alb/Cr), were found in 23%. Of the total, 77% (n = 231) had normal Alb: Cr Ratio, 20% had risk of nephropathy and 9% had nephropathy. CONCLUSION: Current study revealed a high prevalence of abnormal renal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. This necessitates the need for early and universal screening of renal functions. There is also an urgent demand for measures that target tight glycaemic, Vitamin D level and life style modifications is also required to all diabetic patients to achieve target value of HbA1C ≤ 7.