Local drug delivery systems in the management of periodontitis: A scientific review.

Periodontitis (PD) is a microbial disease of tooth supporting tissues that results in progressive destruction of surrounding soft and hard tissues with eventual tooth mobility and exfoliation. Perioceutics, which includes the delivery of therapeutic agents via systemic and local means as an adjunct to mechanical therapy has revolutionized the arena of periodontal therapy. Selection of a right antimicrobial agent with appropriate route of drug administration is the key to successful periodontal therapy. Irrigating systems, fibers, gels, strips, films, microparticles, nanoparticles and low dose antimicrobial agents are some of the local drug delivery systems (LDDS) available in the field, which aims to deliver antimicrobial agents to sub-gingival diseased sites with minimal or no side-effects on other body sites. The present review aim to summarize the current state-of-the-art technology on LDDS in periodontal therapy ensuring the the practitioners are able to choose LDD agents which are custom made for a specific clinical condition.

Dysesthesia with pain due to a broken endodontic instrument lodged in the mandibular canal--a simple deroofing technique for its retrieval: case report.

This article presents a simple deroofing technique to retrieve a broken endodontic file lodged in the mandibular canal and causing dysesthesia with pain. Many unsuccessful attempts were made to retrieve the broken instrument. The deroofing technique described is simple, requiring local anesthesia and done on an outpatient basis with minimum morbidity. A brief review of the literature on dysesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve caused by endodontic materials is also presented.