Oral cancer: A multicenter study

Background: To determine the prevalence and clinicopathologic features of the oral cancer patients. Material and Methods: Biopsy records of the participating institutions were reviewed for oral cancer cases diagnosed from 2005 to 2014. Demographic data and site of the lesions were collected. Sites of the lesion were subdivided into lip, tongue, floor of the mouth, gingiva, alveolar mucosa, palate, buccal/labial mucosa, maxilla and mandible. Oral cancer was subdivided into 7 categories: epithelial tumors, salivary gland tumors, hematologic tumors, bone tumors, mesenchymal tumors, odontogenic tumors, and others. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 17.0. Results: Of the 474,851 accessioned cases, 6,151 cases (1.30%) were diagnosed in the category of oral cancer. The mean age of the patients was 58.37±15.77 years. A total of 4,238 cases (68.90%) were diagnosed in males, whereas 1911 cases (31.07%) were diagnosed in females. The male-to-female ratio was 2.22:1. The sites of predilection for oral cancer were tongue, labial/buccal mucosa, gingiva, palate, and alveolar mucosa, respectively. The three most common oral cancer in the descending order of frequency were squamous cell carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of oral cancer is not high compared to other entities, oral cancer pose significant mortality and morbidity in the patients, especially when discovered late in the course of the disease. This study highlights some anatomical locations where oral cancers are frequently encountered. As a result, clinicians should pay attention to not only teeth, but oral mucosa especially in the high prevalence area as well since early detection of precancerous lesions or cancers in the early stage increase the chance of patient being cured and greatly reduce the mortality and morbidity. This study also shows some differences between pediatric and elderly oral cancer patients as well as between Asian and non-Asian oral cancer patients (AU)

No disponible

Histopathological changes in dental pulp of rats following radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is one of the oral and pharyngeal cancer treatment methods that can cause damage to the tissues in the radiation area; the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on dental pulp tissue in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this interventional, experimental double-blind study, 30 rats were studied in three groups (n = 10 each). The first group received 12 gray (Gy), the second group received 18 Gy in one session, and the third group was not exposed to radiation (control group). The 5 µm sections of mandibular molar tooth were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Samples were studied under optical microscope to evaluate and score inflammation, necrosis, hyalinization, and vascular congestion. The data were coded and analyzed by statistical tests of χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. The significant level of P = 0.05. RESULTS: In Group 1, necrosis in two cases, inflammation in one case, hyalinization in one case, and vascular congestion in four cases were observed. In Group 2, inflammation in four cases, hyalinization in two cases, and vascular congestion in five cases were observed. In Group 3, inflammation was observed only in one case. In comparison between the groups, no significant differences were observed in inflammation (P > 0.05), necrosis (P > 0.05), and hyalinization (P > 0.05). However, the difference was significant for vascular congestion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy with doses of 12 and 18 Gy had no significant effect on inflammation, necrosis, and hyalinization in all groups; however, the difference was significant for vascular congestion.

CD44 and CD74: The promising candidates for molecular targeted therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Considering molecular target therapy concept in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), many attempts have been performed to introduce an effective molecular marker during recent years. Several investigations have emphasized on the role of CD44 in various cancers and few studies have mentioned CD24 and CD74. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between CD44, CD24 and CD74 expressions and several clinical or histopathological factors in OSCC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our analytical cross-sectional study, forty primary OSCC specimens were immunohistochemically stained for CD44, CD24, and CD74 proteins. Then, the relationship between their expressions and age, sex, lymph node metastasis, and histopathologic grading was statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney nonparametric and t-test. Furthermore, P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: CD44 and CD74 proteins were significantly over-expressed in OSCC patients with high grade (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001) as compared to those with low grade. Furthermore, CD74 immunoreactivity showed significantly higher expression in patients with lower age (P = 0.039). Considering lymph node metastasis, we observed significant overexpression of CD74 in patients with no lymph node involvement (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Our observations support the significant role of membranous CD44 protein in progression of OSCC and also introduce CD74 protein as a probable interfering factor in different aspects of OSCC.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the upper jaw: Report of a rare case with long-term follow-up.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant mixed odontogenic tumor which is usually considered as the malignant counterpart of ameloblastic fibroma. Only mesenchymal component represents sarcomatous alterations and ameloblast-like epithelial nest remains bland in AFS. Here, we report a case of AFS in a 26-year-old man in the maxilla, which was regarded as an uncommon location for this tumor. After 2 years follow up, no evidence of recurrence was noted. We also emphasize on comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic evaluation of such patients rather than immunohistochemical staining to make an accurate diagnosis.

Synovial sarcoma of the mandible.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a relatively common soft tissue tumor but only 6%-7% of cases are diagnosed in the head and neck region. It typically occurs in young adults and is slightly more common in males. The most common sites in the head and neck region are hypopharynx and parapharyngeal spaces. However, SS can also occur in tonsils, tongue, and orofacial soft tissues. It is not difficult to diagnose SS microscopically with its classic biphasic appearance, but the diagnosis of monophasic forms is more challenging especially in unusual locations. In this article, we report a rare case of monophasic SS of the mandible. The clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features are discussed and compared with previously reported cases in the literature. To our knowledge, only six primary involvements have been reported in the jaws. Therefore, our case represents the seventh reported case of SS in the area.