[Free radicals lipid peroxidation and level of R-proteins in non-specific aortoarteritis and hypertension]. / Svobodnoradikal'noe okislenie lipidov i uroven' R-belkov pri nespetsificheskom aortoarteriite i gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

Parameters characterizing free-radical oxidation of lipids (malonic dialdehyde, total serum antioxidative activity, ceruloplasmin, and superoxide dismutase) and the level of R proteins were studied in patients with nonspecific aortoarteritis and essential hypertension. Lipid peroxidation and the content of regulatory proteins were increased in the patients, the shifts being the most expressed in nonspecific aortoarteritis of the maximum activity.

[Prevention of neuroleukemia by intrathecal administration of cytosar and methotrexate in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults]. / Profilaktika neiroleikemii intratekal'nymi vvedeniiami tsitozara i metotreksata pri ostrom limfoblastnom leikoze u vzroslykh.

AIM: To find out whether efficacy of neuroleukemia (NL) prevention by intrathecal administration of cytosar and methotrexate in remission induction phase in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) depends on the risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered 68 ALL patients. The diagnosis was made by cytological, histological and cytochemical tests of the peripheral blood and bone marrow. Immunophenotyping was performed in 48 patients. The treatment followed the German protocol 04.89 in modification of the Hematological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Prevention of NL consisted in intrathecal administration of cytosar (30 mg), methotrexate (15 mg) and dexamethasone (4 mg) once a week for 6 weeks beginning on induction day 1, further in consolidation, reinduction and once in 3 months in maintenance. Radiation of the brain was not conducted. Treatment of leuroleukemia consisted of intrathecal administration of the above drugs twice a week up to normalization of the liquor with subsequent their administration 5 times and craniospinal radiation in a dose 36 Gy. Further intrathecal administrations were made according to the protocol. RESULTS: Correlation was not found between age of the patients and frequency of neuroleukemia onset, between neuroleukemia incidence and peripheral blood leukocytosis at diagnosis. Results of NL prevention with cytosar and methotrexate given intrathecally in induction of remission (14.6% of neurorecurrences) are comparable with the results of NL prevention by radiation of the brain with intrathecal administration of methotrexate obtained in the German cooperative trial. CONCLUSION: NL prevention in ALL adult patients by intrathecal cytosar and methotrexate in remission induction is effective.

[Viral hepatitis B and C in patients with acute leukemias]. / Virusnye gepatity B i C u bol'nykh ostrymi leikozami.

Enzyme immunoassay has been used in 102 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and 340 donors to identify serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV): HB-sAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HBc IgM, HBeAg, anti-HBe. At the moment of AL diagnosis in 50 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and in 28 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at least one HBV marker was found in 68% and 71%, respectively, HBsAg in 12% of patients with AML and 25% of those with ALL. In remission maintenance, HBsAg was registered in 83% of patients with AML and 44% of those with ALL. Anti-HCV in diagnosis of acute leukemia were detected in 1.28% of patients, 12 months after in 40% with ALL and 67% with AML. In examination of the donors at least one HBV marker was found in 36%, HBsAg in 2.1%, anti-HCV in 1.86% of the examinees. It is inferred that acute leukemia patients are often infected with HBV and in long-term follow-up demonstrate reactivation of viral infection, though infection with mutant B viruses is also possible. HCV is a main cause of posttransfusion hepatitis in this group of patients.

[The immunological status of patients with vesicular eruptions on the oral mucosa]. / Immunologicheskii status bol'nykh s puzyrnymi proiavleniiami na slizistoi obolochke polosti rta.

Immunologic examinations of 14 patients with vesicular form of lichen ruber and benign nonacantholytic pemphigus of the buccal mucosa alone, as well as of those with erythema exudativum multiforme demonstrated a normal (and even increased) response of immunity system to a chronic antigenic stimulus. The T system was found not involved, and a reduction of the share of B cells was revealed. The results are indicative of strained functioning of the immunity system paralleled by quantitative exhaustion of the B component.

[Individual prognosis of chronic B-lymphoid leukemia course]. / Individual'noe prognozirovanie techeniia khronicheskogo B-limfoleikoza.

The characteristics of T- and B-lymphocyte content in chronic B-lymphoid leukemia (B-ChLL) patients with progressing and stable variants of the disease course, and the possibilities of their use for the individual prognosis of the course were studied. A total of 28 patients with stable and 35 patients with progressing variants of B-ChLL were investigated. T-(total and active) and B-lymphocytes were assayed in the spontaneous rosette-formation test. The individual prognosing of stable and progressing variants of B-ChLL course is possible basing on integral evaluation of total and active T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes with receptors to mouse red blood cells in two-dimensional parameter systems with counting the summary prognostic coefficient.

[The immunofunctional properties of the cancer cells in patients with acute leukemias and the response to standard chemotherapy]. / Immunofunktsional'nye svoistva opukholevykh kletok bol'nykh ostrymi leikozami i otvet na sdtandartnuiu khimioterapiiu.

Blood and bone marrow tumor cells from 50 patients with acute leukemias (36 were with nonlymphoblastic and 14 with lymphoblastic variants) were examined in terms of cell capacity for stimulating allogeneic lymphocytes in a unidirectional mixed lymphocyte-blast culture (MLBC) and action of the PHA-induced proliferative response of donor's lymphocytes on combined 96-hour cultivation. Blast suppressors inhibiting lymphocyte stimulation in response to PHA by as much as 43-99% were not recognized by allogeneic lymphocytes in MLBC, which was not related to occasional coincidence according to HLA antigens. These patients (n = 21) turned out resistant to chemotherapy. The mechanisms of interrelations between tumor and the immunocompetent system of patients with acute leukemia and the relationship with the results of chemotherapy are discussed.

[Clinical significance of the immunocompetence of patients with acute leukemia in the remission phase]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie immunokompetentnosti bol'nykh ostrym leikozom v faze remissii.

During 6 months of a remission, the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations was similar in 18 patients with a short-term (5.7 +/- 0.7 months) remission and in 15 patients with protracted remissions (36.4 +/- 5.7 months). One to three months prior to the development of a relapse there was a significant drop of the amount of immunoregulating T lymphocytes and B cells as compared with their amount within the first 6 months of a remission. This makes it possible to form a risk group which may develop relapses within the nearest 3 months, with a probability being equal to 60-75 percent.

[Immunoregulating effect of prostaglandins on the course of chronic lympholeukemia]. / Immunoreguliruiushchee vliianie prostaglandinov na techenie khronicheskogo limfoleikoza.

A study was made of the effect of exogenous prostaglandins E1, E2 and E2 alpha on the proliferative response of lymphocytes in blast transformation with PHA according to the changes in permeability for 3H-thymidine, 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA, 3H-uridine into RNA and 3H-leucine into protein in 7 patients with stable and in 17 patients with progressive B-chronic lymphoid leukemia (B-CLL). The progression of B-CLL was marked by the lack of the regulating effect of PG on lymphocytes. In stable lymphoid leukemia, an inhibitory action of PG on lymphocyte proliferation could be seen. The characteristics of the lymphocyte responses in patients with B-CLL were employed for individual prediction of the disease course.

[Various aspects of the classification, clinical course and diagnosis of monocytoid and histiocytoid hemoblastoses]. / Nekotorye aspekty klassifikatsii, kliniki i diagnostiki monotsitoidnykh i gistiotsitoidnykh gemoblastozov.

Analysis of the reported data and authors' observations (41 patients with monocytoid leukemias and 21 patients with histiocytoses) made it possible to conclude that in most cases, histiocytoses are multifocal tumors with diverse morphological manifestations. A classification of histiocytoid tumors is offered with regard to the process extent, the nature of bone marrow damage, morphological features, the degree of final differentiation of tumor cells, and the clinical and laboratory signs of neoplastic activity.

[Clinical application of the international histological and cytological classification of hematologic and lymphatic neoplasms]. / Opyt primeneniia mezhdunarodnoi gistologicheskoi i tsitologicheskoi klassifikatsii opukholevykh zabolevanii krovetvornoi i limfaticheskoi tkanei v klinicheskoi praktike.

The first part of the International classification of neoplastic diseases of haemopoietic and lymphatic tissues by Mathé et al is discussed. The classification is exhaustive but the Table does not include all varieties of hemoblastoses mentioned in the explanatory text and shown in illustrations. Some of the terms seem disputable or inaccurate. The structure of leukemias (623 cases) based on the data of the Sverdlovsk regional haematological centre for 1975-1979 is presented, as reconsidered according to the above classification. The role of trepanobiopsies in diagnosis of leukemias is emphasized.