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Introduction: Testicular carcinoma is the most common cancer among males aged 15-34 years. The known risk factors for testicular cancer include undescended testis (cryptorchidism), testicular dysfunction, perinatal factors and prior history of cancer in one testis. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of color doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of testicular carcinoma using histopathology as GOLD STANDARD. Method: ology: A cross sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to Feb 2016 at the Department of Radiology, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi. 311 subjects were selected through inpatient/outpatient or emergency department. Patients were evaluated for testicular carcinoma by color doppler ultrasound on Toshiba nemio. Finding of color doppler ultrasound was compared with histopathology. True positive, true negative, false positive, false negative as per operational definition was determined. Results: Mean age of the patients of the study was 41.76 ± 8.11 (30-50) and mean and SD of Duration of symptoms was 5.5 ± 3.5 (4-15) months. Of 175(56.27%) subjects diagnosed as testicular carcinoma on CDUS, only 160(48.55%) were subsequently found to have testicular carcinoma. sensitivity of CDUS in diagnosing scrotal diseases was 88.8% while specificity was 78.1%. Conclusion: We conclude that CDUS is an excellent, safe, and reliable method for evaluating patients with testicular carcinoma. It helps to improve patient's management, especially by preventing unnecessary surgical exploration. It is also convenient and easy to perform. But it has its own limitations, and requires adequate expertise and experience. Its results are also equipment dependent.
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Beta-blockers are well-known for their wide range of therapeutic applications, particularly in patients with cardiac diseases. Physicians worldwide are aware of their potential side effects, including hypoglycemia, dizziness, slow heart rate, fatigue, and heart block. We report a case of erythrodermic psoriasis caused by beta-blockers in a 61-year-old woman with no prior history of the skin condition. The diagnosis was made based on the characteristic histopathological picture and a Naranjo score of 6. She was administered 15 mg of methotrexate weekly and received supportive care. She recovered completely within two months and exhibited no recurrence of symptoms.
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The lungs, kidneys, liver, and pancreas are just some of the organs that can be affected by tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a disease that can affect many organs of the human body. Rarely can tuberculosis (TB) manifest itself in the digestive tract; in fact, the gastrointestinal tract ranks as the sixth most common site of extrapulmonary TB. However, involvement of the esophagus by tuberculosis is extremely uncommon. We present a case of esophageal tuberculosis in a 27-year-old man with epigastric pain and weight loss as his only symptoms. There were no complaints of odynophagia or dysphagia, nor was there any evidence of immunodeficiency. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy found an ulcer 26 centimeters from the incisor. Histopathology and a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary esophageal tuberculosis. Six months after beginning anti-TB therapy, he was confirmed to be free of tuberculosis.
