Association between platelet to lymphocyte ratio and depression and symptom severity among adults in the United States: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The pathogenesis of depression has not yet been fully understood. The association between platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and depression has been investigated in previous studies, however, the results were controversial. The objective of the study was to explore the potential relationship between PLR and depression and symptom severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2018. Totally 30,032 adults were analyzed, and 2480 reported depression. Depression and symptom severity were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). PLR was calculated as the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes. Multivariable weighted-logistic regression models and generalized additive model (GAM) were employed to evaluate the linear and nonlinear association between PLR and depression and symptom severity. Results: There was a negative association for Q3 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.99) when comparing participants for Q1 between 10-PLR and depression after fully adjusting the covariates; however, there was no significant association between 10-PLR and symptom severity. GAM showed that 10-PLR was associated with depression and symptom severity in a nonlinear manner. The inflection points were at 12.15. Subgroup analyses showed nonlinear relationships only in specific subgroups. Conclusions: PLR is associated with depression among adults in the United States. U-shaped nonlinear relationships and threshold effects were observed between 10-PLR and depression and symptom severity. Additionally, inflammatory mechanisms vary in different sociodemographic subgroups.

Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and depression among US adults: From a large population-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to determine the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and depression and severity. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was administered to assess depression and its severity. NLR was calculated as a neutrophil count-to-lymphocyte count ratio. RESULTS: The study included 22,207 adults (mean age, 44.43 years; women, 51.05%), and 1671 (6.54%) reported depression. The association between NLR and depression was not significant (odds ratio [OR], 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.15, p = 0.12) after fully adjusting the covariates, and similar results (Q1 reference Vs Q2: OR, 0.87, 95%CI, 0.70 to 1.07 Vs Q3: OR, 0.99, 95%CI, 0.80 to 1.21 Vs Q4: OR, 1.08, 95%CI, 0.86 to 1.35, p for trend 0.21) when NLR as a categorical variable. After controlling for all confounding variables, a U-shaped relationship between NLR and depression severity was observed, and the inflection point was 1.78. Subgroup analyses showed a significant association among Mexican American/other Hispanic (OR, 1.13, 95%CI, 1.00 to 1.28, p = 0.04), non-Hispanic blacks (OR, 1.18, 95%CI, 1.07 to 1.32, p = 0.002), the subjects with poverty income ratio above four (OR, 1.24, 95%CI, 1.00 to 1.53, p = 0.048) between NLR and depression. The results from the sensitivity analyses remained stable. CONCLUSION: The association between NLR and depression is not general across depressed populations among US adults. This association may be specific to subgroups. The relationship between NLR and depression severity is non-linear.

An event-related potentials study on the attention function of posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE: In order to examine the functional defects and attentional bias in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, event-related potentials (ERP) of attention was investigated. METHODS: Three groups of emotion pictures, positive, negative (or violent) and neutral, were viewed by 19 PTSD patients and 15 normal controls. Each picture had a frame, and participants reacted to the color of the frame by clicking buttons. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavior data were recorded. Peak latencies and amplitudes of P2 were measured. RESULTS: For the three groups of pictures, PTSD patients had longer reaction time than the controls. Significant difference was found between PTSD patients and controls in response to violent, positive and neutral pictures.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic insomnia in adults older than 75 years: a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for chronic insomnia and combined depressive or anxiety symptoms of older adults aged 75 years and over. DESIGN: A randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants included 60 adults aged 75 years and over with chronic insomnia. Participants were randomly assigned to the eight-week MBSR group or the wait-list control group. Assessments using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Self-rating Anxiety Sale (SAS), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were taken at baseline and post-treatment. For each outcome measure, a repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect changes across assessments. RESULTS: There was a significant time × group interaction for the PSQI global score (P = .006); the MBSR group had a decrease in the PSQI global score (Cohen׳s d = 1.12), while the control group did not (Cohen׳s d = -0.06). Among the PSQI components, there was a significant time × group interaction for daytime dysfunction (P = .048); Cohen׳s d of the MBSR group was 0.76, while Cohen׳s d of control group was -0.04. There was no significant time × group interaction for the SAS score (P = .116), while for the GDS there was a significant time × group interaction (P = .039); the Cohen׳s d value for the MBSR group was 1.20, and it was 0.12 for the control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the MBSR program could be a beneficial treatment for chronic insomnia in adults aged 75 years and older.

Association between polymorphism of the norepinephrine transporter gene rs2242446 and rs5669 loci and depression disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between polymorphism of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene rs2242446 and rs5669 loci and depression in Chinese Han population. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out, the gene types and allele distributions of NFT gene rs2242446 and rs5569 loci in 302 depression patients and 302 healthy controls were detected by Taqman SNP genotyping technology. RESULTS: The gene types and allele frequency distributions of NFT gene rs2242446 and rs5569 loci had significant differences between case group and control group (rs2242446, x(2)=26.045, P<0.05, x(2)=8.827, P<0.05, rs5569, x(2)=42.47, P<0.05, x(2)=20.9, P<0.05). The CC genotype of NET gene rs2242446 locus and rs5569 loci was a protective factor of depression compared with the CT and TT genotypes. CONCLUSION: The NET genepoly morphism of rs2242446 and rs5569 loci was a ssociated with depression in Chinese Han population, in which the CC genotype of rs2242446 and rs5569 loci was a protective factor of depression.

Stroop-interference effect in post-traumatic stress disorder.

To investigate the conflict processing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, we conducted the classical Stroop task by recording event-related potentials. Although the reaction time was overall slower for PTSD patients than healthy age-matched control group, the Stroop-interference effect of reaction time did not differ between the two groups. Compared with normal controls, the interference effects of N 2 and N 450 components were larger and the interference effect of slow potential component disappeared in PTSD. These data indicated the dysfunction of conflict processing in individuals with PTSD.