Integrating bioinformatics with pharmacological evaluation for illustrating the action mechanism of herbal formula Jiao'e mixture in suppressing lung carcinoma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lung carcinoma (LC) is not only a kind of disease that seriously threatens human life but also an intractable problem in modern medicine. Jiao'e Mixture (JEM) is an innovative Chinese medicine formula with Chinese patent, which is composed of two herbal extracts with a specific ratio-zedoary turmeric oil and medicinal Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim(Z. bungeanum Maxim) seeds oil (ZMSO). Zedoary turmeric oil is extracted from dried rhizomes of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C. Ling, which has been reported have an anti-cancer effects. Medicinal ZMSO is a by-product of Z. bungeanum Maxim, refined from kernel shell separation, modern cold soaking and refining technology; JEM is used to treat Lung carcinoma (LC) patients in folk for many years. However, its therapeutic mechanisms for treating LC have not been fully explored. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of JEM for treating LC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The action mechanism of JEM in LC treatment was analysed by comprehensive network pharmacology approach combined with experimental validation (in vivo and in vitro). RESULTS: Seventeen active compounds and 457 related targets were collected from the HERB, TCMSP, and Swiss Target Prediction platforms. Nine hundred and thirty-eight LC related targets were obtained from Gene Cards and OMIM databases. Finally, 140 overlapping targets were obtained, which representing the target of JEM in LC treatment. The pathway analysis showed that PI3K-AKT could be a potential pathway for JEM in LC treatment. In vivo results presented that JEM had a good effect in inhibiting the growth of LC tumour cells with high efficacy and low toxicity. In vitro experiments validated that JEM had inhibited LC cells' proliferation, migration and invasion, and had induced cell apoptosis mainly via PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. CONCLUSION: The anti-LC activity of JEM might via regulating the PI3K-AKT signalling pathways.This study may provide further evidence for the potential use of JEM in LC treatment.

Determination of Three Components in Xylaria Nigripes Powder by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of adenosine,genistein and 5-hydroxymel-lein in Xylarin nigripes powder.Methods:The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Pntulips@BP-C18column (250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm) at 35℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml ·min-1,and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. Results:The linear range of adenosine was 0.162-1.62 μg(r=0.999 2). The average recovery was 98.12% and the RSD was 1.32% (n=6). The linear range of genistein was 0.02-0.2 μg(r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 98.89% and the RSD was 1.10% (n =6). The linear range of 5-hydroxymellein was 0.022-0.22 μg(r =0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.87% and the RSD was 0.98% (n=6). Conclusion:The method can be used to determine the contents of adenosine,genistein and 5-hydroxymellein,which provides the basis for the quality control and the further research of Xylaria nigripes.

Determination of Triptolide in Shenshe Ointment by LC-MS/MS / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the content determination of triptolide in Shenshe ointment.Methods:The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.1% formic acid solution (73∶27,v/v).The flow rate was 0.5 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was maintained at 35℃.An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) combined with a positive mode.Metronidazole was used as the internal standard.The mass transitions were 361.4→43.2 for triptolide and 172.1→128.0 for metronidazole,respectively.Results:The linear range was 10-500 ng·ml-1 with good correlation coefficient (r=0.999 9).The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 9.5 ng·ml-1.The intra-and inter-day RSDs of peak areas were all less than 3% and the average recovery was 96.87%(RSD=2.79,n=6).Conclusion:The established LC-MS/MS method is simple,efficient,sensitive and accurate in the quality control of Shenshe ointment.

Improvement of the Quality Standard for Shule Capsules / 中国药师

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Shule capsules. Methods: The microscopic characteristic identifica-tion of Figwort and Radix bupleuri was performed under a microscope. The qualitative identification of fritillary, andrographispaniculata and polygonumbistorta was studied by TLC. The content of salvianolic acid B in Salvia miltiorrhiza was determined by HPLC. The chro-matographic separation was carried out by using a phenomenex synergi 4 hydro-RP 80A (250 mm × 4. 6 mm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-formic acid-water(10 :30 :59 :1)with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1, and the injection volume was 10 μl . The detection wavelength and the column temperature was 286 nm and 20 ℃, respectively. Results:The microscopic characteristics were obvious. The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range was 10. 001-100. 007 μg·ml-1(r=1. 0000). The average recovery was 99. 3% with RSD of 1. 8% (n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple with high specificity and good repeatability, which can be used as the quality control method for Shule capsules.

Application of On-the-spot Teaching Method in the Teaching of Management of Military Medicinal Materials Supply / 中国药师

On-the-spot teaching method is one of teaching methods reflecting the principle of linking theory with practice, which is more and more widely used in the professional courses teaching in modern universities and colleges. Through the practice of on-the-spot teaching, students are able to more deeply understand the significance of Management of Military Medicinal Materials Supply so as to improve students' perceptual experience, stimulate their enthusiasm and initiative of learning and make up for the lack of experimental facilities to a certain extent.

Improvement of the Quality Standard for Jinhuanglian Oral Liquid / 中国药师

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Jinhuanglian oral liquid. Methods:The three herbs in the preparation, Honeysuckle, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgir and St John's Wort, were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Promosil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 4% phosphoric acid (10 :90) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min -1 , and the injection volume was 10μl. The detection wavelength was 327 nm. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 5.325-170.400 μg·ml-1(r=0.9998). The average recovery was 97. 95% and the RSD was 2. 04%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is reliable and easy to operate,which can be used as the quality control method for Jinhuanglian oral liquid.

Improvement of the Quality Standard for Jinhuanglian Oral Liquid / 中国药师

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Jinhuanglian oral liquid. Methods:The three herbs in the preparation, Honeysuckle, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgir and St John's Wort, were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Promosil C18 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column at 25℃. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 4% phosphoric acid (10 :90) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min -1 , and the injection volume was 10μl. The detection wavelength was 327 nm. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 5.325-170.400 μg·ml-1(r=0.9998). The average recovery was 97. 95% and the RSD was 2. 04%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is reliable and easy to operate,which can be used as the quality control method for Jinhuanglian oral liquid.

Effect of Quality Control Circle on Error Management in PIVAS / 中国药师

Objective:To explore the effect of quality control circle ( QQC) on the error control in PIVAS. Methods:QQC group was established in the department of PIVAS to reduce the errors in intravenous admixture practice. The status was analyzed using the total errors per week as the index, and the improvement target value was calculated by the eighty-twenty rule. The concrete causes for the errors were found out by the method of“brain storm”, and the main causes were confirmed using a fishbone diagram and the eighty-twenty rule, and then some countermeasures were summarized and carried out. The application effect of QQC was judged by the intan-gible and tangible outcomes before and after the activity, and some suggestions for the further improvement were provided. Results:Af-ter the implementation of QQC activity, the number of errors was reduced from 47 per week to 22 per week with the rate of target a-chievement of 104. 1% and the progress rate of 53. 2%. Moreover, QQC showed positive influence on the sense of being masters, co-operation ability, team spirit and sense of responsibility and confidence in the whole staff, and the ability of analyzing, summarizing and solving problems was also enhanced. Conclusion: QQC can significantly reduce the errors in the practice of intravenous admix-ture. The management method is valuable to explore and analyze the deep problems encountered in PIVAS in order to make rational and efficient measures. It is also helpful to improving the service conception of pharmacists and nurses, and enhancing the roles of pharma-cists in quality management and control to ensure medication safety.

Improvement of Quality Standard for Shenyan Ⅱ Granules / 中国药师

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Shenyan Ⅱ granules. Methods:The characteristics of Folium Pyrrosiae were identified by microscopy. The three herbs in the preparation,rehmannia,madder and thistle were identified by TLC qualitatively. The content of ginsenoside in American ginseng was determined by HPLC. Chromatographic separation was carried out by using a WONDER CRACT ODS-2(150 mm × 46 mm,5 μm)column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid(28 ∶72)with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min -1 ,and the injection volume was 10 μl. The detection wavelength and the column temperature was 203 nm and 40 ℃,respectively. Results:The spots in TLC were clear without any interference. The linear range of ginsenoside was 38. 9- 194. 5 μg·ml -1(r = 0. 999 3). The average recovery was 98. 3% and RSD was 1. 9%(n = 6). Conclusion:The method is simple and highly specific with good repeatability,which can be used as the quality control method for Shenyan Ⅱ granules.

Preliminary Research on Case Teaching Method for Pharmacy Administration Science / 中国药师

To explore and discuss the application of case teaching method for pharmaceutical administration science according to the actual teaching situation and the teaching experience of the authors. The teaching effects can be improved by the method, which is worthy of promotion and popularization.