RESUMO
ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the conflict between cattlemen and the slaughterhouse industry is evident and historic in the beef cattle Agribusiness System, in which opportunistic behavior is commonplace. Accordingly, the role of trust is significant in trade decisions, which makes the analysis of trust in the construction process of governance structure an important factor. The present article aimed to identify the influence of trust in selecting the contractual arrangement in transactions between cattle ranchers and abattoirs. This qualitative and descriptive study used semi-structured interviews, done in loco, along with 30 beef cattle ranchers and five abattoirs in the west of São Paulo State. It was observed that transactions involve opportunistic behavior, and that trust is critical in selecting the contractual arrangement.
RESUMO: O conflito entre pecuarista e indústria frigorifica é evidente e histórico no Sistema Agroindustrial da carne bovina no Brasil, sendo comum a presença de comportamento oportunista. Nesse sentido, o papel da confiança se apresenta como significativo na decisão de troca, o que torna a análise da confiança no processo de construção da estrutura de governança um fator importante. O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar a influência da confiança na escolha do arranjo contratual nas transações entre pecuaristas e frigoríficos. O estudo qualitativo e descritivo empregou entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas in loco, junto a 30 pecuaristas de gado de corte e cinco frigoríficos localizados no Oeste Paulista. Observou-se que as transações envolvem comportamento oportunista, e que a confiança exerce fator significativo na escolha pelo arranjo contratual.
RESUMO
Given that women in rural communities in developing countries are responsible for the nutrition and health-related decisions affecting children in their care, their empowerment may influence the health status of their children. The association between women's empowerment, measured by using a recently developed Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index, and children's health status is examined for a sample of households in Northern Ghana applying a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. The MIMIC approach is used to link multiple indicator variables with multiple independent variables through a "single underlying" latent variable. Height-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores are used as indicators of the underlying children's health status and women's empowerment in agriculture and control variables are used as the multiple independent variables. Our results show that neither the composite empowerment score used to capture women's empowerment in agriculture nor its decomposed components are statistically significant in their association with the latent children's health status. However, the associations between children's health status and control variables such as mother's education, child's age, household's hunger scale and residence locale are statistically significant. Results also confirm the existence of the 'single underlying' common latent variable. Of the two health status indicators, height-for-age scores and weight-for- height scores, the former exhibited a relatively stronger association with the latent health status. While promoting women's empowerment to enhance their ability to make strategic life choices, it is important to carefully consider how the achievement of these objectives will impact the women's well-being and the well-being of the children in their care.
