Safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney patients with gross hematuria: Six case reports.

BACKGROUND: To retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients with gross hematuria. CASE SUMMARY: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively report the safety and efficacy of renal transcatheter arterial embolization for treating ADPKD patients with gross hematuria. Materials and methods: During the period from January 2018 to December 2019, renal transcatheter arterial embolization was carried out on 6 patients with polycystic kidneys and gross hematuria. Renal arteriography was performed first, and then we determined the location of the hemorrhage and performed embolization under digital subtraction angiography monitoring. Improvements in routine blood test results, routine urine test results, urine color and postoperative reactions were observed and analyzed. Results: Renal transcatheter arterial embolization was successfully conducted in 6 patients. The indices of 5 patients and the color of gross hematuria improved after surgery compared with before surgery. No severe complication reactions occurred. CONCLUSION: For autosomal dominant polycystic kidney syndrome patients with gross hematuria, transcatheter arterial embolization was safe and effective.

MicroRNA-34a negatively regulates anesthesia-induced hippocampal apoptosis and memory impairment through FGFR1.

BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence has shown the toxic effects of anesthesia to neonatal hippocampus. We used an in vivo mouse model to explore the role of microRNA 34a (miR-34a) in regulating anesthesia-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity. METHODS: One-month old C57/BL6 mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia (ketamine, 50 mg/kg) for 7 days. One day after, apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining in hippocampal CA1 region, and expression level of miR-34a assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Hippocampal miR-34a was then down-regulated through lentivirus mediated cortical injection prior to anesthesia. The effects of inhibiting hippocampal miR-34a on anesthesia-induced hippocampal apoptosis and memory impairment were further investigated by TUNEL staining and Morris water maze (MWM) test. The predicted molecular target of miR-34a, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) was down-regulated in hippocampus through siRNA-mediated cortical injection and its effect on hippocampal apoptosis was also examined. RESULTS: Anesthesia caused severe apoptosis among hippocampal CA1 neurons and upregulated hippocampal miR-34a. On the other hand, lentivirual inhibition of miR-34a protected anesthesia-induced hippocampal apoptosis and memory impairment. Luciferase essay demonstrated FGFR1 was directly regulated by miR-34a in hippocampus. siRNA-induced FGFR1 downregulation further exaggerated anesthesia-induced apoptosis in hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we showed that miR-34a negatively modulated anesthesia-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity.