Genetic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Study of Major Ear Quantitative Traits Using High-Density SNPs in Maize.

Kernel and ear traits are key components of grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.). Investigation of these traits would help to develop high-yield varieties in maize. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) uses the linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the whole genome to determine the genes affecting certain phenotype. In this study, five ear traits (kernel length and width, ear length and diameter, cob diameter) were investigated across multi-environments for 2 years. Combining with the genotype obtained from Maize SNP50 chip, genetic diversity and association mapping in a set of 292 inbred lines were performed. Results showed that maize lines were clustered into seven subgroups and a total of 20 SNPs were found to be associated with ear traits significantly (P < 3.95E-05). The candidate genes identified by GWAS mainly encoded ubiquitin-activation enzymes (GRMZM2G015287), carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (GRMZM2G446858), MYB-CC type transfactor, and phosphate starvation response protein 3, and they were associated with kernel length (KL) and ear diameter (ED), respectively. Moreover, two novel genes corresponding to RNA processing and fructose metabolism were found. Further, the SNPs detected by GWAS were confirmed by meta-QTL analysis. These genes and SNPs identified in the study would offer essential information for yield-related genes clone and breeding program in maize.

Application of the second metatarpophalangeal joint by traction prolong transplant repair the defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective Application of the second metatarpophalangeal joint by traction prolong trans- plant repair the defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint,reconstruct the function of it.Methods By means of the apparatus to prolong finger in advance,then transplant the second metatarpophalangeal joint to recon- struct metacarpophalangeal joint for seven cases of obsolete defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint.Results The average of finger prolong was 2.6 cm,consultation from 1 to 4 years.average 2.5 years,thai the trans- plant joints have all survived and osteal concrescence.Through the criterion Chinese Medical Association,good rate was 85.7%. Conclusion It' s a good method to repair obsolete defects in the metacarpophalangeal joint by transplant traction prolong of the second metatarpophalangeal joint.

Replantation of the amputated mass of fingers / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To explore the replantation methods of the amputated tisue mass of fingers. Methods Fifteen cases were replanted using the physiological blood circulation replantation and the no physi- ological blood circulation replantation.Results All eleven cases survived with the physiological blood circu- lation replantation,one case failure with no physiological blood circulation replantation.Postoperative follow up ranged from six months to two years,with an average of fifteen months,the function and appearance were satis- factory.According to Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association' s functional evaluation in digital replanta- tion,eleven cases were excellent and two cases were good,the excellent and good rates were up to 86.7%. Conclusion For the amputated tissue mass of fingers,the physiological blood circulation replantation is the best choose.