Interferon regulatory factor-1 as a positive regulator for high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

High glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the development of diabetic vascular diseases. However, molecular mediators responding for the proliferation of VSMCs remain to be determined. In this study, VSMCs were isolated from the rat thoracic aorta, and two cell models with Irf-1 knockdown and overexpression were established by transfecting cells with pGCsi-FU-Irf-1 and pGC-FU-Irf-1, respectively. Subsequently, high glucose was added to cells to induce proliferation. Proliferation assays were performed to see whether Irf-1 was involved in high glucose-induced proliferation of VSMCs. In addition, the expression of Irf-1 was detected in VSMCs stimulated with high glucose and the thoracic aorta of diabetic rats to confirm the relationship between Irf-1 expression and the proliferation of hyperglycemia-dependent VSMCs. The results showed that Irf-1 expression was significantly higher in the thoracic aorta of diabetic rats and VSMCs stimulated with high glucose than that in nondiabetic rats and untreated cells. Overexpression of Irf-1 accelerated the proliferation of VSMCs, and down-regulation of Irf-1 expression significantly depressed the proliferative ability of VSMCs under high-glucose conditions, indicating that Irf-1 was a positive regulator for high glucose-induced proliferation of VSMCs. It could be presumed that Irf-1 is associated with the accelerated proliferation of VSMCs in diabetic vascular diseases and may prove to be a potential target gene for disease treatment.

The anatomic study of chyle leakage due to operation on abdominal region / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide morphological basis for chyle leakage due to operation on upper abdomen or retroperitoneum region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The original part of thoracic duct, cisterna chyle, intestinal trunk, left and right lumbar trunks were examined in 32 adult cadavers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The occurrence rate of cisterna chili was 22% (7 cases), among which 4 cases were oval, 3 cases were triangle. The cisterna chyle was (24 +/- 6) mm in length; the width of middle part was (4.1 +/- 0.9) mm. It was located to the right of midline at the level between the twelfth thoracic vertebral body and the second lumbar vertebral body anteriorly. (2) The original part of thoracic duct was (2.8 +/- 0.7) mm in diameter. The confluence form of thoracic duct included: left lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk united to form the common trunk first, right lumbar trunk then joined the common trunk (9 cases, 36%); right lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk united to form the common trunk first, left lumbar trunk then joined the common trunk (8 cases, 32%); left and right lumbar trunk united to form the common trunk first, intestinal trunk then joined the common trunk (4 cases, 16%); left, right lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk joined together (3 cases, 12%). (3) The intestinal trunk was (36 +/- 15) mm in length. It ascended on the left of descending aorta, superior to the left renal artery, crossed the second lumbar vertebra anteriorly, and joined left or right lumbar trunk to form common trunk, which extended to the cisterna chili or thoracic duct to the right of lumbar vertebra. (4) The lengths of left and right lumbar trunks were (107 +/- 24) mm and (111 +/- 18) mm, the external diameters of origins were (1.7 +/- 0.4) mm and (1.9 +/- 0.4) mm, and the external diameters of terminations were (2.2 +/- 0.6) mm and (2.2 +/- 0.5) mm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The larger lymph tubes should be protected emphatically in the relevant region when dissecting the root of celiac and superior mesenteric artery and the termination of inferior mesenteric vein during abdominal operation.</p>

The study of biological characteristics of myoblasts co-cultured with Schwann cells / 中华骨科杂志

Objective In order to understand the relationship between myoblast and Schwann cell,our purpose was to investigate the effects of biological characters of myoblasts co-cul tured with Schwann cells and pro vide the basic theory for constructing artificial muscle involving artificial nerve.Methods After sterilizing with iodine tincture and alcohol,the brachial plexus,sciatic nerve and triceps surae muscle of neonatal SD rat were harvested and peeled off their membranes,blood vessels and fat tissues under operating microscope thor oughly.The nerve and muscle tissues were cut in pieces by microscis sors,and then digested and isolated by collagenase and pancreatin in20and15minutes respectively.DMEM medium was employed to culture my oblasts and Schwann cells.After co-culturing myoblasts of rats with Schwann cells in vitro,the morphological characteristics and the growth condition of two cells were observed under inverted phase contrast mi croscope,the effects of Schwann cells secretion for proliferation of myoblasts were detected by 3 HTdR iso topic tracing and expressed by disintegration per minute(DPM),formation rate of myotubes was counted under micro scope and statistic data was analyzed,the functional differentiation degree of my oblasts affected by Schwann cells was analysed by?-sarcomeric actin immunohistochemistry(SABC)and imaging analysis tech nique.Results Co-cultured myoblasts proliferated,and myotubes ap peared earlier.Comparing with sole-cultured my oblasts,the shape of myobutes from co-cultured myoblasts tended to be elongating and robust.The value of DPM far-exceeded the control group,and reached its peak of 2500(just800for con-trol group).The positive cells of ?-sarcomeric actin appeared in brown red color.However,syn thesis and excre tion of a-sarcome ric actin in co-cultured myoblasts were much greater than control group,and the gray ash value between two groups was of a significant difference.Conclusion Primary rat myoblasts co-cultured with Schwann cells in vitro is beneficial in regulating its the growth,proliferation and the differentiation.