[Body weight--a quantity integrated with the development of multidirectional signs characterizing the human body]. / Massa tela--velichina, integriruemaia s razvitiem raznonapravlennykh priznakov, kharakterizuiushchikh telo cheloveka.

To assess the optimal development of the human body at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis, the body mass-volume index is proposed. This index, in contrast to body mass-height index, may be used in the studies aimed at the evaluation of human somatotypes. The quantitative characteristics of body mass variability obtained for the different age groups (from neonates to long-livers) provide general evidence that the body mass as a taxonomic species characteristic is a constant value that, however, possesses age, sex and individual differences.

[The principle of the spiral-like structure of skeletal muscles--the basis for motor optimal performance of the active lower extremity]. / Printsip spiralevidnogo stroeniia skeletnykh myshts--osnova dvigatel'noi optimal'nosti aktivnosti nizhnei konechnosti.

Searching for the new skeletal muscles characteristics makes a complicated problem of the objective analysis of structural and functional evaluations. Spiral-like structure of lower extremity skeletal muscles demonstrated is a part of spirals of the organism level, reflecting the systematic biomechanical integrity of muscles. New patterns of skeletal muscles orientation directly deal with mechanism of the internal twisting of lower extremity long segments and are pathogenic in mechanism of correction of the acquired and congenital pathologies.

[The correlation of the segments of the extremities as a biomechanical constant in man and mammals]. / Sootnoshenie segmentov konechnostei kak biomekhanicheskaia konstanta u cheloveka i mlekopitaiushchikh.

The length of human extremity segments at different stages of age development, beginning from newborns up to far-advanced age, was studied. Under examination there were 1505 humans. In addition, bone segments of the extremities were studied in 100 human skeletons and 225 skeletons of mammals from 8 orders. On the basis of a functional analysis of the length of bone segments and the detected high correlative dependence two homogeneous (homodynamic) pairs in extremities of the man and animals were identified mainly performing the supporting, static and repulsive functions. An equality between the length of these pairs was established called the biomechanical constant. The biomechanical constant regulates the proportionality of bone links as a mechanical lever in the process of age development of man as well as in the process of evolution of mammals in changing the types of locomotion from foot-walking up to phalanx-walking.

[Dynamic age-related changes in the human physique at stages in postnatal development]. / Dinamika vozrastnykh izmenenii teloslozheniia cheloveka na étapakh postnatal'nogo razvitiia.

In 926 children (7 age groups) combined group differences of the signs have been studied by means of a unified standardized method, using the hand length as a linear measure; the conformity index to definitive size has been applied. For newborns proportional discrepancy to the definitive sizes is specific. They have a relatively long, thick and round body, short extremities, large dimensions of the head and abundant adipose subcutaneous deposits. According to the constitutional peculiarities the newborns resemble the children of the digestive type in mature persons--pycnotic or endomorphic. Beginning from birth, including children of early and first childhood (4-7 years of age), age changes of complexion go in two directions: a) dolichomorphy of complexion is realized; for it decreasing diameters of the chest and dimensions of the neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis (in boys), shoulder, arm, hand, foot and decrease in the subcutaneous adipose tissue are specific; b) longitudinal proportions of body and extremity segments change under influence of biomechanical adaptations to physical loads in connection with adaptation to the vertical position.

[Principle of spiral arrangement of the skeletal muscles of humans and animals]. / Printsip spiral'nogo raspolozheniia skeletnykh myshchts cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

It has been stated long ago, that smooth muscle elements in the vascular walls and other tubular systems in the human being and in the animals demonstrate spiral arrangement. The authors decided to show that there is a spiral formation of the skeletal musculature in the human being and in vertebrata at the level of the whole organism, its parts and separate muscles. By means of successive joining certain muscles, their parts and even separate groups of muscular fasciculi by tendons, aponeuroses, fascia and intermuscular septa, ligaments and bones kinematic chains of muscles have been revealed, those chains that have spiral direction regarding the longitudinal axes of the body and its parts. Two examples of left- and right-hand-screw types of spirals are presented and it is stressed that the spiral principle reflects biological symmetry of structural oppositions--enantiomorphism. A conclusion is made that the spiral form of the skeletal musculature is a universal regularity for the human being and for all vertebrata. The cylindric form of the vertebral body serves as a predestinated moment for this. The spiral twisting of the muscles is the most optimal for ensuring variability of movements and performing adaptive survival of the human being and animals in the Earth gravitational field.