[Antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms, isolated from patients with opportunistic infections].

Data of resistance of 642 bacterial strains dominating among opportunistic infections to different classes of antibiotics were presented. Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae were this group representatives. Antibiotics which may be recommended for empirical therapy were revealed. Other antimicrobial drugs may be used after establishing the agent sensitivity using standard discs.

[The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection and AIDS in Ukraine]. / Kliniko-épidemiologicheskie osobennosti VICh-infektsii i SPIDa na Ukraine.

The summarized results of the observations of 449 hospitalized patients, aged mainly 18-37 years (40 patients with active AIDS, 43 patients with AIDS, other patients were HIV carriers and infected at the stage of lymphadenopathy). In most of the HIV-infected patients the infection process progressed in 3-5 years, which was manifested by associated candidiasis in 74.7% of cases. In AIDS patients opportunistic infections of viral etiology (herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus infection, etc.) prevailed. 14 patients were found to have tuberculosis. Clinico-epidemiological analysis made it possible to come to the conclusion that the specific features of HIV carriership and AIDS were greatly linked with different groups of risk to which the patients belonged. Thus, a shorter period of carriership, the prevalence of opportunistic viral infections were mostly characteristic of drug addicts.

[The diagnosis of acute pneumonia in respiratory viral infections]. / O diagnostike ostroi pnevmonii pri respiratornykh virusnykh infektsiiakh.

Data are reported of 582 case records of patients with acute pneumonia of different influenza epidemic periods, results of a study of 175 lethal cases due to acute pneumonia, that complicated influenza in adults as well as experimental studies on reproduction of para-influenzal-staphylococcal, influenzal-Klebsiella and Proteus-influenzal infections. The study allowed to find out the causes of diagnostic difficulties, to establish the features of the course of acute pneumonia in patients with respiratory viral diseases to disclose the mechanisms of development of lung changes and make propositions facilitating early clinical diagnosis on the prehospital period.

[The development of protracted pneumonias in patients with a history of influenza and acute respiratory diseases]. / Razvitie zatiazhnykh pnevmonii u bol'nykh, perenesshikh gripp i ostrye respiratornye zabolevaniia.

A study is presented of 582 patients with acute viral-bacterial pneumonia in those with a history of influenza and acute respiratory disease (ARD). Protracted course of the disease was observed in 121 (20.8%) and 461 (79.2%) the course of pneumonia was acute. It is shown that the formation of protracted of acute pneumonia in patients with influenza and ARD is furthered by several factors: age, foci of chronic infection, a history of inflammation, increased level of circulating immune complexes, late hospitalization and inadequate therapy. Experiments on Syrian hamsters with induced parainfluenzal infection showed that mixed viral-bacterial infection is more severe than monoinfection.

[Lesions of the nervous system in Haemophilus influenzae infection in adults]. / Proazheniia nervnoi sistemy pri Haemophilus influenzae infektsii u vzroslykh.

The authors depict 13 cases of CNS injuries in the form of meningities, meningoencephalitis and encephalitis in adults, provoked by Haemophilus influenzae. Provide the clinical, laboratory and instrumental data obtained during examination of the patients in the acute disease stage and during follow-up studies lasting up to 5 years. Rare strains of Haemophilus influenzae, serotypes "c" and "d", were detected in the CSF. Concomitant virus infection was confirmed in seven patients. It is desirable that chloramphenicol, erythromycin or ampicillin be used in such cases. Patients who suffered influenzal meningitis should undergo follow-up studies.

[The fatty acid composition of Haemophilus and Pasteurella multocida cells as a phylogenetic marker]. / Zhirnokislotnyi sostav kletok Haemophilus i Pasteurella multocida kak filogeneticheskii marker.

When grown on meat-peptone agar with heated blood, different Haemophilus species (H. influenzae, H. parahaemolyticus, H. parasuis, H. pleuropneumoniae), including different H. influenzae serovars (a, b, c, d, e, f), and Pasteurella multocida have identical fatty acid composition, characterized by the prevalence of fatty acids with 16 carbon atoms, constituting about 70% and more of the total number of fatty acids, and a low level of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms. P. multocida strains cultivated on meat-peptone agar with unheated blood have a greatly increased content of fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms, while the content of fatty acids with 16 carbon atoms is much lower. The identity of fatty acid composition under similar cultivation conditions, together with their similarity in other phenetic signs, is indicative of close phylogenic relationship between bacteria belonging to the genus Haemophilus and P. multocida.

[Early detection and rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in acute pneumonias]. / Rannee obnaruzhenie i bystraia identifikatsiia Streptococcus pneumoniae i Haemophilus influenzae pri ostrykh pnevmoniiakh.

The comparative study of the diagnostic value of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was made. The serological identification of the isolated and reference pneumococci (19) and H. influenzae (38) strains revealed the possibility of using all three microanalytical methods for this purpose. The study of pneumococcal and H. influenzae antigens in native sputum obtained from 74 patients with acute pneumonia showed that EIA and indirect IF were highly sensitive, their sensitivity considerably exceeding that of the bacteriological analysis. Pneumococcal antigens were detected in 66.2% of patients by EIA and in 54.0% of patients by indirect IF, while H. influenzae antigens were detected in 58.1% of patients by EIA and in 67.6% of patients by indirect IF. The sensitivity of CIE proved to be considerably lower; in the detection of pneumococcal antigens it was level with the sensitivity of the bacteriological analysis (23.0%) and H. influenzae antigens could be detected only in 27.0% of patients.

[Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from the sputum of acute pneumonia patients with influenza]. / Kharakteristika shtammov Haemophilus influenzae, vydelennykh iz mokroty bol'nykh ostroi pnevmoniei pri grippe.

The morphological, cultural, biochemical and antigenic properties of 232 H. influenzae strains isolated from the sputum of patients with acute pneumonia were studied. Biochemical typing carried out by Kilian's method permitted the division of the strains into 5 biovars; of these, 94.5 +/- 2.0% belonged to biovars I, II and III. For serological typing the test of coagglutination with staphylococcal protein A was used. This test proved to be highly sensitive, economical in respect of antiserum consumption and did not require the use of agglutinating sera free from cross-reacting antibodies. H. influenzae strains, biovar II and capsular serovar b, prevailed in the sputum of pneumonia patients.

[Experimental pneumonia caused by an association of H. influenzae and the influenza virus]. / Eksperimental'naia pnevmoniia, vyzvannaia assotsiatsiei H. influenzae i virusa grippa.

Experiments in 400 non-inbred white mice indicated that the association of influenza virus A2 Hong Kong with H. influenzae enhanced the pathogenic action of the causative agents and led to the unfavorable clinical outcome only in those cases when these agents penetrated the body simultaneously, or when viral infection preceded bacterial infection. In those cases when influenza infection appeared in the presence of bacterial infection, the pathological process developed as a monoviral disease. The morphological changes in the lungs of the mice infected with H. influenzae corresponded to lesions caused by influenza virus and were manifested by pronounced hemodynamic disturbances.