Validation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MISSCARE survey.

AIM: To conduct, translate, and psychometric evaluation of the MISSCARE-Persian Survey. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in February-June 2021. METHODS: The translation of the MISSCARE Survey was accomplished according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Construct validity was performed by (N = 300) exploratory factor analysis and confirmation. To assess the reliability, internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and relative stability was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The study adhered to COSMIN guidelines. RESULTS: The exploratory factor analysis, which resulted in the identification of three factors in the second part of the tool, explained 79.6% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the model's good fit of information. The reliability of the first and second parts of the tool was 0.912 and 0.901, respectively. Additionally, the ICC was found to be 0.687 for the first and 0.706 for the second part of the tool.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian nurses in COVID-19 care wards.

BACKGROUND: Nurses are at the frontline of care provision to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The high communicability of COVID-19, high levels of stress associated with the disease, and challenges of care provision to afflicted patients faced nurses in Iran with problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The aim of the study was to assess depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian nurses who provided care to patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020-2021. Participants were 468 nurses purposively selected from university hospitals in Iran. They completed two online instruments, namely a demographic questionnaire and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 23.0). RESULTS: Most participants were female (75.9%) and married (73.4%) and held bachelor's degree (88%). The means of participants' age and work experience were 33.59 ± 6.40 years and 10.26 ± 6.61 years, respectively. The mean scores and the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 13.56 ± 5.37 and 74.1%, 13.21 ± 4.90 and 89.7%, and 15.13 ± 4.76 and 54.9%, respectively. The prevalence rates of moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress were 43.7%, 73%, and 24%, respectively. The mean scores of participants' depression, anxiety, and stress had significant relationship with their employment status (p < 0.05). Besides, the mean scores of their anxiety had significant relationship with their educational level, employment status, and work shift (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Most nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19 suffer from depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychological support services may be needed for nurses in order to protect and promote their mental health.

The principles of physical restraint use for hospitalized elderly people: an integrated literature review.

BACKGROUND: Physical restraint (PR) is a routine care measure in many hospital wards to ensure patient safety. However, it is associated with many different professional, legal, and ethical challenges. Some guidelines and principles have been developed in some countries for appropriate PR use. The present study aimed to explore the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people. METHODS: This was an integrative review. For data collection, a literature search was conducted in Persian and English databases, namely Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed as well as the websites of healthcare organizations and associations. Eligibility criteria were publication in English or Persian between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2021, and description of the principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used for document screening and selection, while the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument were used for quality appraisal. The data were analyzed through constant comparison. RESULTS: Primarily, 772 records were retrieved, while only twenty were eligible for the study. The principles of PR use for hospitalized elderly people were categorized into six main categories, namely principles of education for PR use, principles of decision making for PR use, principles of implementing the PR procedure, principles of monitoring patients with PR, principles of PR use documentation, and principles of PR management. CONCLUSION: PR should be used only by trained healthcare providers, with the consent of patient or his/her family members, with standard devices and safe techniques, based on clear guidelines, and under close managerial supervision. Moreover, elderly people with PR should continuously be monitored for any PR-related complications. The findings of the present study can be used for developing clear PR-related guidelines.

Iranian nurses' perceptions about using physical restraint for hospitalized elderly people: a cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study.

BACKGROUND: Using physical restraint (PR) for hospitalized elderly people is a major nursing challenge. It is associated with different physical and mental complications and ethical dilemmas, though many nurses still use it to ensure patient safety. Nurses' perceptions are one of the most important factors affecting PR use. This study aimed to evaluate Iranian nurses' perceptions about PR use for hospitalized elderly people. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was conducted from July to December 2019. Participants were 270 hospital nurses who were purposively recruited from intensive care units and medical and surgical wards of three teaching hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ). The SPSS software (v. 23.0) was used for data analysis through the independent-sample t test, the one-way analysis of variance, and the multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The total mean score of PRUQ was 4.08 ± 0.12 in the possible range of 1-5. The most important reasons for PR use were to prevent patients from falling out of bed and to prevent them from pulling out catheters. The total mean score of PRUQ had significant relationship with participants' age, work experience, and history of receiving PR-related educations (P < 0.05), but had no significant relationship with their gender, educational degree, and affiliated hospital ward (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that nurses attach high importance to PR use for hospitalized elderly people. Healthcare policy-makers at national and hospital levels are recommended to provide nurses with PR-related educations in order to reduce the rate of PR-related complications.

The prevalence and the reasons of issuing permission for therapeutic abortion in department of forensic medicine, Kermanshah, Iran, during 2005 to 2010.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the reasons of issuing permission for therapeutic abortion in department of forensic medicine, Kermanshah-Iran. RESULTS: There were a total number of 428 applications for issuing permits. The most common reasons of issuing permit for therapeutic abortion were fetal and maternal problems, specifically cerebral abnormalities (70.8%), and anencephaly (30.3%). Furthermore, 354 (82/7%) out of 428 applications were able to get the legal permit and 17.3% of the applications did not receive permission, which was mainly due to "the lack of maternal indication". Increased knowledge of physicians and clinical personnel on indications of therapeutic abortions and related regulations would lead to the implementation of strategies which prevent void referrals to the department of forensic medicine and a better execution of therapeutic abortion law. By improving the health condition of pregnant women who seek pregnancy termination, informing them about indications of therapeutic abortions, and developing proper strategies to make pregnant women more acquainted with legal cases of abortion, we can take a significant step towards helping pregnant women and promoting their health.

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes: potential association with placental disorders.

The frequency of preterm labour has risen over the last few years. Plasma oestrogen concentrations differ between patients who deliver before term and those who deliver at term. Oestrogen can influence the kinetics of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs). Here, we attempted to identify the potential association of cEPCs with the incidence of complications typical of prematurity. The study groups consisted of 60 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM; less than 37 weeks) and 50 term pregnant women (more than 38 weeks). cEPCs were isolated from term pregnant women and pregnant women with PROM and then migratory, proliferative, tubulogenic and functional properties of these cells along with serum secretion of important EPC chemotactic cytokines were analysed. In addition, the effect of 17ß-oestradiol on biological features of cEPCs harvested from pregnant women was investigated. Our results showed that an increased concentration of oestrogen in women with PROM was associated with increased numbers of cEPCs, with these cells having increased oestrogen receptor α expression together with augmented proliferative, migratory and colony-formation properties. 17ß-oestradiol induced proliferation, migration and angiogenic secretory activity of cEPCs from pregnant women. Overall, circulation mobilisation of EPCs in pregnant women may be associated with placental disorders.

Circulation Enrichment of Functional Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Infantile Phototherapy.

Phototherapy is the most common therapy used for severe jaundice. There is increasing evidence that phototherapy can directly affect the expression and function of cell surface receptors including adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factor receptors. In this study, the effect of two infantile phototherapy regimens, including single and intensive phototherapy was investigated on biological features of circulation endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs), as well as on serum secretion of two important chemotactic cytokines, SDF-1 and VEGF. Sixty infants diagnosed with severe hyperbilirubinemia and exposed to phototherapy were enrolled in this study. cEPCs were isolated before and after phototherapy and then migratory, proliferative, tubulogenic, and functional properties of these cells were analyzed. Our results revealed that intensive phototherapy markedly increased the release of EPCs into the circulation, and augmented the serum concentrations of both SDF-1 and VEGF cytokines. Cell proliferation, tubulogenic, and migratory properties of cEPCs isolated and expanded from infants with intensive phototherapy were significantly improved. cEPCs from infants with intensive phototherapy also showed greater levels of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and lectin binding. Overall, our results showed that the intensive phototherapy regimen can mobilize functional EPCs into the circulation through up-regulation of serum levels of VEGF and SDF-1, indicating phototherapy as an effective modality for improvement of stem cell mobilization in the therapeutic regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 330-340, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Rehabilitation Needs of People with Cerebral Palsy: a qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) describes a group of disorders regarding the development of movement and posture, which causes limitations in activity. In fact, it is attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occur during brain development in fetus or infant. CP disorders may accompany by speech, auditory, visual abnormality, seizure, learning disorder, mental retardation and etc. Due to the variation in disorders and ultimately the needs that are made in the wake of the diseases, understanding the needs of these patients is essential. METHODS: This research was a qualitative study, with phenomenology method and sampling was purposeful. The participants were 17 cerebral palsy people (6 female and 11 male, with aged 15 to 43). Data were collected by deep interview with open-end questions and analyzed by collaizi method. RESULTS: During the interview sessions, notes and ideas were classified and assorted, so that, the rehabilitation needs of people with CP were understood according to the statements of participants. The results of this study were placed in four domains, 3 themes and 22 subthemes. The domains included social, emotional needs, economic, and therapeutic needs. CONCLUSION: The requirements studies in this research were particularly introduced by patients with CP. People in the society, who might have contact with these patients, are responsible to help them to overcome their problems and disabilities.