Psychometric validation of the nursing care behavior questionnaire during emerging disease epidemics: A theory of planned behavior approach.

Background and objective: The Covid-19 pandemic could compromise the quality of care by impacting nurses' intention to provide care. Hence, investigating nurses' behavioral intentions when caring for patients during epidemics is essential. This research aims to assess the psychometrics of the "Nursing Care Behavior in Epidemics of Emerging Diseases" questionnaire, based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 311 nurses working in Covid-19 wards of selected hospitals in Ilam City, all of whom were enrolled through a census in 2021. The questionnaire underwent initial translation from English to Persian, followed by evaluations of its face, content, and construct validities. The nursing caring behavior questionnaire, comprising 46 items, was designed to assess behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs, behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and nurses' intentions to care for Covid-19 patients. Data were analyzed for face, content, and construct validity using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Pearson correlation. Reliability was determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The intention to care dimension demonstrated an inverse correlation with the behavioral attitude dimension (p < 0.001). The most robust correlations were observed between the following paired dimensions: behavioral attitude and perceived power (p < 0.001), subjective norms and intention to care (p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control and subjective norms (p < 0.001), care intention and behavioral beliefs (p < 0.001), behavioral beliefs and behavioral outcome evaluation (p < 0.001), and normative beliefs with motivation to comply (p = 0.001). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instrument exceeded 0.75. Conclusion: According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, the nursing care behavior questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating nurses' care behaviors amidst emerging disease epidemics.

Lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes prevention in rural woman of Shoush city.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity and nutrition interventions are the most important ways to prevent gestational diabetes. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of healthy lifestyle intervention to promote preventive behaviors of gestational diabetes in the rural woman of Shoush city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an experimental study, 60 pregnant women were selected using simple random sampling and allocate into intervention group (n = 30) and nutrition program. The study was conducted from September to June 2018. The data were collected in baseline and 1 month and 3 months of follow-up phase and were analyzed using Chi-square test, repeated-measure test, and generalized linear model (GLM). The α = 0.05 was considered as significance. RESULTS: The mean age in the intervention and control group was 25.9 ± 5.6 and 27.2 ± 5.9, respectively. The GLM test showed a significant increase in the physical activity level and the mean of nutrition behaviors within the intervention group over time (P = 0.013). Further, based on the results of repeated-measure test, the mean of weekly MET-minute was increased in the intervention group in comparison to the control group at 1 month and 3 months of follow-up (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The lifestyle interventions are appropriate programs to the reduction of the risk of development of gestational diabetes in pregnant women.

Association between Fear of COVID-19 with Self-care Behaviors in Elderly: A Cross- Sectional Study.

This study aims to determine the association between fear of COVID-19 with self-care in the elderly. This is a cross-sectional study, in which data were collected using the online survey method with three questionnaires: social demographic characteristics, fear of COVID-19, and elderly self-care. The 350 elderly people were selected by multi-stage sampling from the list of households registered in the integrated health system. According to the result, the mean (SD) age of participants was 69.91 (5.19) and two-thirds of them were married, also the majority of the participants (55%) had an education level less than a diploma. A direct and statistically significant correlation was observed between fear of COVID-19 and self-care. Linear regression analysis showed that the self-care rate decreases with increasing of the COVID-19 fear (B = -0.395, SE = 0.001, R2 = 0.154). The lowest scores were related to self-care which can be due to the restrictions applied and limited family relations during the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, it is recommended that purposeful training programs and appropriate psychological support interventions are developed to help overcome COVID-19 fear and help elderly people use preventative behaviors.

Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory: A Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Male sexual dysfunction is a common problem, and there are many self-report questionnaires for measuring sexual function among men; however, the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) is a tool that has 5 subscales, which is more complete than others. a validated self-report questionnaire, in the local language with modest expressions is required for men. AIM: To determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the BSFI among men. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 males. The sampling process was performed in several stages from health centers. After the accomplishment of the standard process of back-translating the questionnaire from English to Persian, its face, content, and construct validity were evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. To determine the reliability of the instrument, the test-retest method was used with 2 weeks interval and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method was applied to check the internal homogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity were assessed RESULTS: According to the research findings, confirmatory factor analysis had an acceptable fit. By modifying the measurement model and fitting the final model, the fitting indices were obtained as the following: Chi-square statistic = 21.63, NPAR = 36, P = .001 > 0.05; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.956; comparative fit indices = 0.976; Normed Fit Index = 0.952; and root mean square error of approximation = 0.068. These values indicated that the obtained model had a good fit for the data. Moreover, Cronbach's alpha and intra-cluster correlation coefficients of the whole questionnaire were calculated at 0.893 and 0.893, respectively (confidence interval between 0.811-0.950), showing the internal consistency of the items in the whole questionnaire and domain. CONCLUSION: The BSFI questionnaire showed a 5-factor structure similar to the original structure and the 11-item Persian version of the questionnaire of male sexual function can be considered a valid and reliable tool to assess the level of male sexual function. Rezaei N, Sharifi N, Fathnezhad-Kazemi A, et al. Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sex Med 2021;9:100409.

Explaining the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment during pregnancy: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women use information sources for their own health and health of their children. However, despite the importance of trusting the information sources, pregnant women may not have the ability to verify the maternal health information, which could have negative consequences for their health. The purpose of this study was to explain the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment in pregnant women according to their experiences and perception. METHODS: This is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The participants in this study consisted of 19 pregnant women who were selected by purposeful sampling. To collect data, semi-structured, in-depth and face to face interviews were conducted with participants and continued until saturation of data. Conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data and to identify concepts and synthesize them into general classes. MAXQDA software version 10 was used to manage the data. RESULTS: In the process of data analysis, the concept of verification and assessment of maternal health information in pregnancy was explained in two main categories, including "Validity of information resources" and "Reliance on information resources." The category of Validity of information resources had two subcategories of valid and invalid sources, and the main category of Reliance on information resources had two subcategories of indicators of assurance, and confusion and trying to obtain assurance. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that pregnant women used various sources and indicators, as well as different evaluation methods to obtain information and verify it, especially when they are confused. Thus, health authorities and healthcare professionals should provide appropriate programs to familiarize mothers with credible sources, train pregnant women on standards and practices for judging the accuracy of information, and create a safe margin of information.

The association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviours in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Health promotion is one of the most important aspects in pregnancy, and health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health under the influence of various factors. This study aimed to determine the association between social support and psychological factors with health-promoting behaviors in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional was performed on 375 pregnant women when they had 24-28 weeks in Ilam, October 2018 to May 2019. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed after checking the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools consisted of four questionnaires that were completed in self-report form. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential tests with the SPSS software version 19. RESULTS: The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 139.87 (21.26) and self-healing and physical activity had the highest and the lowest mean 27.67 (4.84) and 16.29 (4.84), respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a significant difference between different level of stress, anxiety, depression, and social support with health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.001). The results showed that one-point increase in the score of stress, anxiety, and depression led to the 2.2%, 6.1%, and 24.1% reduction of health-promoting behaviors, respectively, and one-point score increase in social support resulted in 40% increase in health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A negative association was found between psychological factors and a positive relationship with health-promoting behaviors. Although perceived moderate health promotion behaviors and perceived social support were moderate, they did not have a good status in terms of psychological factors. Given awareness of the issues under study in each region is essential and planning to improve stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as promoting and correcting inappropriate behaviors through planned interventions are required.

Death of a neonate with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 born to a mother with coronavirus disease 2019 in Iran: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The virus, known as COVID-19, is recognized as a potentially life-threatening disease by causing severe respiratory disease. Since this virus has not previously been detected in humans, there is a paucity of information regarding its effects on humans. In addition, only limited or no information exists about its impact during pregnancy. CASE PRESENTATION: In the present case study, we report the death of a neonate born to a 32-year-old mother with coronavirus disease 2019 in Ilam, Iran, with Kurdish ethnicity. We report the infection and death of a neonate in Iran with a chest X-ray (CXR) marked abnormality 2 hours after birth demonstrating coronavirus disease 2019 disease. The neonate was born by elective cesarean section, the fetal health was assessed using fetal heart rate and a non-stress test before the birth, and there was no evidence of fetal distress. All the above-mentioned facts and radiographic abnormalities suggested that coronavirus disease 2019 is involved. CONCLUSIONS: In this case study, we report the death of a neonate born to a mother with coronavirus disease 2019, 11 hours after birth. There is a paucity of data on the vertical transmission and the adverse maternal-fetal consequences of this disease, so vertical transmission from mother to child remains to be confirmed.

Weight gain during pregnancy and its associated factors: A Path analysis.

Aim: Weight gain during pregnancy is an important indicator in the prediction of morbidity and mortality in infants and mothers. This study aimed to determine the association factors for weight gain during pregnancy. Design: A longitudinal study. Methods: A total of 734 women were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using demographic and midwifery questionnaires, economic and social status, psychological factors, domestic violence, perceived social support and food insecurity. Results: Of participants 28.7%, 49.6% and 21.7%, respectively, received insufficient, adequate and excessive weight gain in pregnancy respectively. Among health determinants entered in the model, mother's age, prepartum body mass index and direct and indirect prenatal care, size of households, food insecurity, stress, anxiety, stress and pregnancy-specific stress as well as violence had a positive and increasing effect on weight gain during pregnancy. Conclusion: Considering the effect of inappropriate weight gain during pregnancy on undesirable pregnancy outcomes, related factors such as nutritional status, stress and depression in prenatal care should be assessed. Healthcare providers should consult, educate pregnant women.

The Effect of Health Literacy Counselling on Self-Care in Women after Mastectomy: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Breast cancer has a high prevalence, constituting a major cause of mortality in women around the world. Health literacy has a vital role in the self-care of chronic diseases such as cancer and is an essential element in the ability of each person to engage with health promotion. The aim of this study was to determine effect of health literacy counselling on self-care in women after mastectomy. Methods: This study is a randomized, controlled, clinical trial carried out on 72 women with breast cancer after mastectomy in Fars province. The eligible women entered the study using convenience sampling and were then divided into an intervention and a control group through randomized blocks of four. Health literacy questionnaire and self-care questionnaire were distributed among the participants before, immediately after and three weeks following the intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS ver.13. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of their health literacy and self-care scores before the intervention (P=0.299 and 0.059). A comparison of the mean values showed a greater increase in the mean score of health literacy and score of self-care immediately and three weeks after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the mean score of the dimensions of self-care in chemotherapy increased over time in the intervention group. Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the higher effectiveness of counseling with a health literacy approach on overall self-care in chemotherapy and all its dimensions.

The relationship between quality of life and methods of delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Some physical, emotional and social changes arise in mothers during the postpartum periods which can affect the quality of life (QOL) of the mother and family. Given the importance of the quality of life in the postpartum period and its influencing factors such as method of delivery, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between the quality of life and methods of delivery in the world, using a systematic review and meta-analysis method. METHODS: The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between aspects of quality of life and method of delivery in the world conducted in Persian and English language articles published by the end of 2015. For this purpose, the databases of Medlib, SID, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Irandoc, Magiran and Iranmedex were searched using key words and their compounds. The results of studies were combined using the random effects model in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 index and Cochran test and data were analyzed using STATA Version 11.1 and SPSS Version 16. RESULTS: Based on the results of the meta-analysis of studies, the aspect of physical functioning had the highest quality of life mean score in women with vaginal delivery: 74.37 (95% CI: 67.7-81) and mental health had the highest QOL mean score in women with cesarean delivery: 65.8 (95% CI: 62.7-69). Also, based on the time elapsed since delivery, mental health had the highest mean score in less than 1 month, 2 months and 4 months' postpartum. Physical pain had the highest mean score 6 months after giving birth, and mental functioning in 8 months after giving birth. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present meta-analysis showed that the mean scores for most dimensions of quality of life in women with vaginal delivery were higher than in women with cesarean delivery.

The relationship between function and sexual satisfaction with sexual violence among women in Ahvaz, Iran.

BACKGROUND: One of the forms of violence that receives less attention due to cultural and social issues is sexual violence against women, which is a hidden and a constant epidemic and impact on their health. AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship between function and sexual satisfaction in women who have experienced sexual violence in Ahvaz-Iran. METHODS: This study was a case-control study which was conducted on 105 women (cases=35 and control=70) referred to one forensic center and seventeen Shahrivar health centers during 2013-2014 in Ahwaz-Iran. The data collection tools included questionnaires for evaluating demographic characteristics and sexual satisfaction, sexual female function index and sexual violence. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and independent-samples t-test) in SPSS, version 19. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Two groups of women were matched according to age and education. Mean ± SD sexual satisfaction was (71.4±15.84) in the case group and (99.44±15.68) in the control group (p<0.001). The mean ± SD of sexual function was (17.1±4.94) in the case group and (26.37±5.27) in the control group. The groups had a statistically significant difference in terms of sexual arousal, sexual orgasm, sexual lubrication, pain and sexual satisfaction (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Sexual dysfunction and dissatisfaction have a relation with sexual violence, and a major concern is that the sexual violence in most cases is hidden and can seriously affect the general health condition of women.

Relationship of socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, and food insecurity with preterm labor: A longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Premature birth is the main cause of neonatal mortality and long-term complications, which imposes heavy financial and psychological burdens on the family and society; therefore, it is important to recognize the factors affecting it. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, and food insecurity with preterm delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This longitudinal study was conducted on 674 pregnant women at 24-28 wk of gestation who met the inclusion criteria. The subjects were selected using cluster sampling. The pregnant women filled out total questionnaires of study and they followed up until delivery and the data about the newborn was collected after delivery. The data collection tools included questionnaires for evaluating socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors, and food insecurity. RESULTS: The prevalence of preterm delivery was 7.7%, and socioeconomic factors were not associated with preterm labor. Among the intermediary factors, social health, food insecurity, stress, and prenatal care had a significant relationship with preterm labor. The prevalence rates of preterm delivery in cases with food insecurity, stress, and inadequate prenatal care were 2, 9.1 and 13.2 times higher than those who had food security, did not experience stress, and received adequate care during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Preterm labor is a relatively common problem in which intermediary social determinants of health can play an important role. Considering the limited studies on this issue, the results of this study can lay the foundation for future studies.

Lifestyles in suburban populations: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle and suburban population are important issues in the field of health. The living conditions of informal settlements can lead to acquisition of an unhealthy lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: This study has been designed to investigate the articles that have been published regarding lifestyle in suburban populations. METHODS: The present research was a systematic review of studies in databases including Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, Irandoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus, in 2017. All Persian and English papers written from 2000 to 2017 were evaluated by two reviewers using an advanced search of the databases with keywords related to lifestyles and suburban population. After completion of the search, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to evaluate the articles. RESULTS: In total, 19 articles were found to have addressed the lifestyle in suburban populations. The results of these studies showed an unhealthy lifestyle in the most informal settlements. There was no food diversity. Malnutrition was common, especially overweight. The majority of the people did not have enough physical activity, and smoking and alcohol consumption were common, especially in men. CONCLUSION: Studies showed that suburban populations are among the groups that have unfavorable environmental conditions to acquiring healthy lifestyle and maintaining appropriate health. Therefore, developing infrastructure, improving health services (environment, treatment of diseases, reduction of malnutrition and infant mortality, access to safe drinking water and sanitation, improving waste disposal and recycling it), improving education and smoking prevention programs in improving lifestyle is recommended.

Effect of Attachment Styles to Parents on Sexual Dysfunction Domains of Married Women.

INTRODUCTION: According to Bowbly attachment theory, attachment of a baby and its main care provider, influences on social growth and the baby's feelings throughout its life. The present study was performed aim to determine the effect of attachment style to parents on domains of sexual dysfunction in married women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on two hundred married women who were fertile, and referred private and governmental gynecology clinics in Mashhad, Iran, in 2014. Data collection tools were three questionnaires; Demographic and marital questionnaire, Female sexual function index questionnaire, and Adult attachment style questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 (IBM© SPSS© Statistics version 20 using independent-samples t-test and logistic regression. The statistical tests were performed at the 95% confidence interval. RESULT: Mean of safe attachment style to parents in all aspect of sexual dysfunction was significantly lower (p≤0.01), however, mean of distant attachment style to parents in all aspects of sexual dysfunction was significantly higher (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Secure and distance attachment style to the mother showed maximum power of prediction for sexual dysfunction, which indicates the importance of attachment to parents and its impact on adult relationships.

Examining Psychometric Characteristics of a Menopausal Health Questionnaire: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version.

INTRODUCTION: Menopause is a natural event in a woman's life which affects her general health and quality of life. However, currently there is no Persian instrument for measuring health status during this period. Therefore, the present study was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Menopausal Health Questionnaire in Iran. METHODS: The questionnaire was translated to Persian with the approach of Jones et al and its validity was assessed by a panel of experts. The Persian version was tested among 300 patients who had referred to the gynecological clinic at the Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital in Zahedan. Convenience method was used for sampling. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity of collected data. Test-retest method was used to determine reliability in two-week intervals and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the internal consistency. RESULTS: According to research findings, the exploratory factor analysis showed an acceptable fitness. Varimax rotation indicated 6 factors with Eagan values more than 1, which explained 49.27% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire tool was 0.84 and it was from 0.50 to 0.82 for the subcategories. All factors had a significant case-total correlation. Results of test-retest showed the stability of the questionnaire and its subcategories, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was assessed to be 0.93. CONCLUSIONS: The 14-item Menopausal Health Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess postmenopausal women's health.

The Relationship between Physical Activity and General Health among Menopausal Women in Ahvaz, Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Most women experience significant changes in their general health status during menopause, which negatively affects their quality of life. Physical activity has also been shown to enhance quality of life. However, little is known about the effect of physical activity on women's health during the menopausal transition. This study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and general health among menopausal women in Ahvaz, Iran. METHODS: This cross sectional study was carried out on 600 menopausal women using cluster random sampling during 2013-2014. Data collection tools were three questionnaires; women's demographic characteristics, the Goldenberg's questionnaire, and International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS version 19. The statistical tests were performed at the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the total score of physical activity and physical health, social functioning, anxiety and depression (p<0.05), but no significant relationship was found between subscales related to physical activity and general health (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Physical activity is effective in improving general health in menopausal women. Proper training and effective interventions for regular physical activity can be important steps to promote the general health of menopausal women.

Investigating the Prevalence of Preterm Birth in Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Despite medical advances, preterm delivery remains a global problem in developed and developing countries. The present study was aimed at conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of preterm delivery in Iran. Methods: This study was carried out on studies conducted in Iran by searching databases of SID, Magiran, Irandoc, MEDLIB, Iranmedex, PubMed, Web of science, Google Scholar and Scopus. The search was conducted using advanced search and keywords of preterm delivery and equivalents of it in Mesh and their Farsi's Synonymous in all articles from 2000-2016.After extracting the data, the data were combined using a random model. Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using Q test I2 index and the data were analyzed using STATA Ver.11 software. Results: The total number of samples in this study was 41773. In 19 reviewed articles, the overall prevalence of preterm delivery, based on the random effects model, was estimated to be a total of 10% (95% CI, 9-12). The lowest prevalence of preterm labor was 5.4% in Bam and the highest prevalence was 19.85% in Tehran. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of preterm delivery compared to year of study and sample size. Conclusion: This study reviewed the findings of previous studies and showed that preterm delivery is a relatively prevalent problem in Iran. Therefore, adopting appropriate interventions in many cases including life skills training, self-care and increasing pregnancy care to reduce these consequences and their following complications in high risk patients seem necessary.