Co-existence of two dens invaginations with one dens evagination in a maxillary lateral incisor: a case report.

A case with two simultaneous dens invaginations (DIs) and one dens evagination (DE) in a permanent maxillary lateral incisor is reported for the first time in a 21-year-old girl. DE known as talon cusp of the anterior teeth is a rare entity and its co-existence with DI has been reported scarcely in the literature. Simultaneous occurrence of two DIs with one DE has not been reported elsewhere. Undoubtedly, familiarity with the internal anatomy of such a rare condition can help prevent pulpal disease while performing restorative procedures.

A study of the changes in quantitative activity of some enzymes in olive cultivars during the interaction between Verticillium wilt and root-knot nematode.

Second stage juvenile (J2) of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and microsclerotia of verticilliosis, Verticillium dahliae, were used as the source of inoculum for nematode and fungus respectively. One-year-old seedlings of olive cultivar, Zard, Roghani, Koroneiki and Manzanilla, were transplanted to pots containing 2000g of sterilized sandy loam soil. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 32 Treatments and five replications. Treatments were as follows: control, nematode alone, fungus alone and fungus+nematode. Pots were inoculated with (0, 2000, 3000, 4000) J2 of nematode and/or (10 no/g soil) microsclerotia of fungus according to the treatments. Quantitative activity of soluble proxidase, cell wall bounded proxidase, beta-1,3-glucanase and B-1,4-glucanase were determined by the pirocatechol, hydrogen proxide, guaiacol and laminarin-dinitrosalicylilate methods, respectively, on 1,10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation. Results showed that these enzymes in leaves and roots of seedlings inoculated with pathogens increased (p < or = 0/05). In this study changes of these enzymes as compared with nematode alone and fungus alone treatments were increased in fungus+nematode treatments in seedlings (p < or = 0/05). Maximum of quantitative changes of these enzymes were observed in fungus+nematode (4000J2) treatment on cv. Koroneiki. Based on the results obtained in this study, quantitative activity of these enzymes in olive roots and leaves were be more on cvs. Koroneiki, Roghani, Zard and Manzanilla, respectively (p < or = 0/05).