Platelet-rich Plasma as Effectiveness in the Treatment of Osteoarthrosis of the Knee in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: Osteoarthrosis (OA) is a condition that develops slowly but eventually causes considerable morbidity. Many medical specialties have employed platelet-rich plasma (PRP) since it is the best autologous biological blood-derived product, can be exogenously supplied to tissues, and releases high concentrations of platelet-derived growth factors to promote tendon, bone, and wound healing. This prospective research aims to clinically assess the effectiveness of PRP injection therapy for treating knee osteoarthrosis. Materials and Methods: A clinical prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center for a period of a year. Subjects older than 50 years were selected for both genders who had a symptomatic primary knee OA. PRP is administered to and evaluated in 80 patients with knee osteoarthrosis. Using the VAS and WOMAC questionnaire tools, primary data was collected. The observations were compared using the appropriate statistical tools while considering significance at 95%. Results: Eighty-four subjects participated in the study till the end of the study period of 3 months. All study participants filled out questionnaires before injection, eight weeks after injection, and 12 weeks after. The obtained scores for the WOMAC and the VAS were compared, and it was observed that after 12 weeks, the WOMAC scores lowered from 77 to 33 (P < 0.001) and the VAS scores lowered to 6 to 1.5 (P < 0.001) and these alterations were significant. Conclusion: According to the most recent research, PRP therapy is a less expensive and more straightforward therapeutic option for the management of knee pain in patients who have OA, and it has also improved patients' ability to participate in everyday activities.

Comparison of Different Antibiotic Medications on Microorganisms: An Original Research.

Introduction: The onset and maintenance of disease can be significantly influenced by the colonization of the mouth cavity by pathogenic microorganisms or by an imbalance of the physiological microbiome. Hence, in the current study, various commonly used antibiotics have been tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Materials and Methods: The current research was performed as an in vitro study. The commonly used antibiotics Augmentin (CV), Ceftriaxone-Cephalosporin (CF), and Linezolid were tested for the microorganisms, lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli. The "Radius of Zone of Inhibition (mm)- RZI" after 24 and 48 h were tested by the agar-well diffusion method. Results: For E. coli, the antibiotics tested were CV (5 µl and 2.5 µl), CF (5 µl and 2.5 µl), and Linezolid (5 µl and 2.5 µl). The results showed that the radius of the zone of inhibition was consistent for each antibiotic concentration, with a range of 0.8-1.4 mm at both time points. For Lactobacillus, the antibiotics tested were CV (5 µl and 2.5 µl), CF (5 µl and 2.5 µl), and Linezolid (5 µl and 2.5 µl). The results showed that the radius of the zone of inhibition varied between antibiotics and concentrations, with a range of 0.5-1.8 mm at both time points. Conclusion: This study highlights antibiotics' antibacterial action against E. coli and Lactobacillus. The data imply that antibiotic efficacy varied by organism and drug concentration. These organisms' antibiotic resistance mechanisms and new antibiotic resistance methods need more study.

Vitamin D Levels Assessment among the Neonates with and without Seizures: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: The impact that vitamin D (vit D) has on a variety of medical conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular, oncological, and central nervous system disorders has been a topic of interest for many years now. It is well-known that vit D deficiency is substantially more common in epileptics than in healthy subjects. The current research was piloted to analyse the vit D levels of the blood in newborns with seizures, as well as mothers' vit D status included subjects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional examination was piloted at a tertiary care center, which had a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The subjects were neonates and their mothers. The levels of vit D were measured in term and late preterm newborns who had been brought to the NICU with convulsions. Term or late preterm infants who were healthy and hospitalized in the same hospital's postnatal unit as their mothers served as the controls for the study. Demographics, as well as the vit D levels of both the neonate and the mother, were estimated and compared and evaluated for any significance, keeping significance at less than 0.05. Results: Of the 72 neonates included, they were similarly distributed between the epileptic (37) and healthy subjects. (40) The mothersy subjects.cluded, they were sim D levels averaged 15.11 ded, they were similarly distributed b D levels of their newborns were 13.26 ± 5.12 ng/mL (P = 0.77). There was no significant variance between the healthy and epileptic neonates (P = 0.212). Conclusion: The current studyficant variance between the healthy and epileptic neonates (eptic with convulsions. Termserum vit D levels and epileptic activity in neonates. Nevertheless, the levels of the vitamin were < 20 ng/mL among all the neonates. Interventions to improve the vit D levels have to be implemented.

Estimation of the Various Urinary Biomarkers among the Non-Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Nephropathy.

Introduction: Alteration in the various markers is seen in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the current research, four different markers were evaluated and were examined for their diagnostic value in the nephropathic type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A prospective clinical trial was piloted with diabetic male subjects with nephropathy. The subjects were followed up for 9 months. Thirty subjects were recruited as type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without nephropathy as controls. The interventional groups were grouped again as microalbuminuria, normoalbuminuria, and hyperfiltration. All of them underwent testing for urinary biomarkers like urine protein, ACR, HbA1C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Correlation and logistic regression were used to compare all diagnostic tests across various groupings. Results: The greatest area under curve (AUC) values were .90 and .91 for AGT and AGT/Cr, respectively. The AUC, specificity, sensitivity, and cut-off value of AGT/Cr were, respectively, .91, 85%, 91%, and 4.36 mg/g. When using urine as the cut-off, the sensitivity was 42 and 100 for ACR and eGFR both. All other biomarkers had lower values than the AGT. Less than. 50 was evident for NGAL/Cr and NAGL. Conclusions: To identify DN, before the initiation of the albuminuria, compared to other diagnostic markers, urinary AGT demonstrated a greater diagnostic value. Further research is suggested to corroborate the findings.