Estimation of Decellularization and Recellularization Quality of Tissue-Engineered Constructions by the Chemiluminescence Method.

It was found that the chemiluminescence intensity in native and recellularized tissues of rat muscular organs as well as in their decellularized scaffolds can serve as an express criterion that, along with ultrastructural analysis, makes it possible to perform quantitative assessment of the viability of cellular structures in biological samples of the diaphragm.

Multiple increase in productivity of the yeast at reducing the fraction of D2O in water.

We found a two-fold increase in the productivity of baker's yeast grown on a nutrient mixture prepared in light water with a D2O content (127 ppm) smaller than in the distilled water (150 ppm). The number of water monomers that provides the biosynthetic activity (water transport through membrane channels) of yeast cells with an increased CO2 yield was determined for the first time. We established that the selectivity of cell membrane channels in water of different composition depends not only on the motion of ortho-and para-spin H2O isomers in solution, as was shown earlier, but also on the concentration of D2O.

[The metabolic correction of the experimental alloxan diabetes by means of the antioxidant remedies].

The research concerning the effect of the remedies with the different antioxidant mechanisms on the indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as the thiol link of the antioxidant system and the functional detoxication system in modeling conditions of the decompensated alloxan diabetes mellitus have been presented. The research was performed on 105 white nonlinear male-rats with initial body weight (b.w.) 200-230 g, divided into seven groups. Group 1 has consisted of the intact animals. Group 2 (the comparison group) has consisted of the animals suffering from the severe alloxan diabetes mellitus (intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at 10 mg/100 g b.w. three times, with an interval of one day, against fasting) without correction. In groups 3-7 diabetes mellitus has also been modeled. The animals of group 3 were fed by the diet with the supplement containing the antioxidant complex with high content of carotenoid substances (1 mg lutein per day, orally for a month before simulations of diabetes mellitus and for a month after). The animals of group 4 have been given the sodium dichloroacetate (15 mg/100g bw) with drinking water for the month before and a month after the modeling of diabetes. The animals of group 5 have been injected with the reduced glutathione (15 mg/100 g of b.w.) daily one week prior to administration of alloxan and until the end of the experiment, the animals of group 6 have been injected with the quercithin (10 mg/100 g of b.w.) and the rats of group 7 have been given the water with the reduced content of deuterium (91 mg/l) instead of the usual drinking water. The development of experimental alloxan diabetes mellitus in rats has been accompanied by the increase in blood plasma of glucose concentration by 6.9-fold, cholesterol and lipoproteins of low density by 66 and 100% respectively. The compensatory activity increase of the antiradical protective enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) as well as the concentration decrease of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes by 11% have been revealed. According to the data concerning the level of the molecules with medium and low mass in blood plasma as well as in erythrocytes, the evident endogenous intoxication has taken place. The performed researches have proved the presence of the significant hypoglycemic effect of the usage of sodium dichloroacetate, of the water with the reduced content of deuterium and of quercithin - the glucose concentration in these groups was lower than in the comparison group by 36, 33 and 47% respectively. In the same groups as well as in the group of rats injected with glutathione the hypolipidemic effect of various manifestation degree has been detected, the most evident in animals from group 7 in which all the indices except triglycerides haven't differed from indices of the control group. The usage of various corrective methods has also assisted the adequate functioning of the antioxidant system that has been proved by the normalization of glutathione content except of groups 3 and 6 in which its concentration was lower than the control indices by 25 and 12% respectively. Endogenous intoxication has been significantly lower in groups 4, 5 and 7 in which the level of molecular of medium and low mass in blood plasma was normal and only in erythrocyte mass was increased by 49-74% than in the control group. Thus, the data obtained prove the usage availability of the antioxidant remedies in the complex therapy in patients suffering from the diabetes mellitus. The most interesting is the usage of antioxidants with the indirect mechanism of action, i.e. the water with the reduced content of deuterium and sodium dichloroacetate. Quercithin and the reduced glutathione deserve attention as well, and considering the hypoglycemic effect of the first one and the metabolic effects of glutathione aimed at the functioning maintenance of the non-specific organism resistance, the possibility of the combined usage of both antioxidants should be taken into account.

[Influence of linseed oil and deiterium depleted water on isotopic D/H composition and functional antioxidant defense of the hepatobiliary system in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride intoxication].

The article presents results of studying the influence of linseed oil and drinking diet with a modified isotopic composition with low deuterium content on indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant system during modeling of liver toxicity. The research was performed on 36 rabbits (weighing 3.1-3.5 kg) which were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 consisted of control animals; in group 2, 3 and 4 in rabbits the liver toxicity was modeled by administration of CCl4 (intraperitoneally, in the form of a 50% oil solution, 1 ml per kg bw, 2 times a week for 30 days); nutritional correction using flaxseed oil (0.1 ml per 100 g bw) and drinking diet with deuterium depleted water (50 ppm) was carried out in animals from groups 3 and 4 respectively, for 30 days prior to simulation of toxic hepatitis and more throughout the experiment. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry the influence of deuterium depleted water on D/H composition of the blood plasma, bile and liver tissues was determined: the deuterium concentration in these biological materials significant decreased. The most significant decrease in the deuterium content (30.2% compared with the control group) was found in bloodplasma in animals from group 4. The study of the state of prooxidant-antioxidant balance of the liver and bile showed oxidative stress at the local level, with the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. This was followed by EPR spectroscopy data pronounced increase of the number of paramagnetic centers in the hepatocytes by 5.4, 1.9 and 2.8 fold in animals of 2, 3 and 4 groups, respectively (compared to the indicators of the first group). There was also increase in the intensity of free radical oxidation processes in the bile with a simultaneous reduction of its antioxidant activity, which was significantly less distinct (on average 51.18-59.8%, p<0.05) in animals treated with nutritional correction, indicating that higher functional activity of protective systems involved in recycling prooxidant factors using dietary lipophilic antioxidants and water with low deuterium content. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that existing in the liver and bile autonomous mechanisms of regulation of the state of prooxidant-antioxidant systems are quite sensitive to the effects of antioxidant factors of lipophilic nature and shifts of isotopic D/H gradient, and suggest usefulness of the products that can affect these indicators to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism during intoxication.

[Comparative characteristics of the isotopic D/H composition and antioxidant activity of freshly squeezed juices from fruits and vegetables grown in different geographical regions].

Data presented in this paper reflect changes in antioxidant activity, the content of prooxidant factors and deuterium concentration in freshly squeezed juices from fruits and vegetables grown in different climatic regions (10 samples of juices from wholesale and retail trade network of 8 kinds of vegetables and fruits, 28 manufacturers from 14 countries). Determination of the concentration of deuterium was performed using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Total antioxidant activity of fresh juices was determined amperometrically after dilution in 2.2 mM H3PO4 in a ratio of 1:100. Prooxidant performance was evaluated by a maximum and area of flash of chemiluminescence induced by the introduction of 0.3% hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the antioxidant activity of fresh juice from fruits and vegetables grown within the same climatic region can differ by several times. In this case, most of the fruits and vegetables of russian producers were not inferior, than antioxidant activity of the fresh juices from the same plant products grown abroad. It should be noted that the indicators of the antioxidant activity of fresh juice from Russian pears exceeded this indicator of all fresh juices from pears, imported from Argentina, South Africa and the United States of America by 21.1, 30.4 and 32.7%, respectively. In assessing the prooxidant properties of fresh juices should be noted the almost complete absence of factors with prooxidant nature only in 36% of the studied fresh juices, whose maximum performance and area of flash of chemiluminescence were less than 0.1%, including a pear and apple juices from the russian production. It should be noted that the area of chemiluminescence of the juice from potatoes, grown in Russia, was at 103.1 and 115.2% lower than in juice obtained respectively from potatoes produced in Israel and Egypt (p<0.05), indicating a higher safety of consumption of potatoes produced in Russia. When studying--the isotopic D/H composition of fresh juices it was found that the highest deuterium content was in the juice from the pears, imported from Argentina (deltaD = -72% per hundred), while the lowest concentration of deuterium was observed in the juice from the Egyptian potatoes (delta = -358% per hundred). In general, significantly lower deuterium content was determined in fresh juices made from potatoes and cabbage grown in different countries, in comparison with other fresh juices from fruits and vegetables. The smallest range of differences in the isotopic D/H was composed in freshjuices from tomato, pomegranate and oranges of Turkish manufacturers (deuterium concentration ranged in them from -221 to -214% per hundred), that can be used to confirm the geographical origin of fruits and vegetables grown in Turkey. The data reflecting the antioxidant activity, the content of prooxidant factors and deuterium concentration in the juices, allow us to recommend the latter as additional criteria when assessing the quality of food products.