RESUMO
Liver cancer is one of the deadliest types worldwide and early diagnosis is highly important for successful treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop rapid, sensitive, simple, and inexpensive analytical tools for its detection. MicroRNAs (miRNA) represent unique biomarkers whose expression in biofluids is strongly associated with cancer in general and miR-21, -31, -122, -145, -146a, -200c, -221, -222, and -223 in liver cancer, specifically. Various biosensors for miRNA detection have been developed. These include electrochemical biosensors based on amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric and impedimetric technology. Furthermore, the use of advanced nanomaterials with enhanced chemical stability, conductivity and electrocatalytic activity have greatly increased the sensitivity and specificity of these devices. The present review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for miRNA detection in liver cancer.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Neoplasias Hepáticas , MicroRNAs , Nanoestruturas , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Biomarcadores , Técnicas EletroquímicasRESUMO
Lung cancer has been one of the leading causes of death over the past century. Unfortunately, the reliance on conventional methods to diagnose the phenotypic properties of tumors hinders early-stage cancer diagnosis. However, recent advancements in identifying disease-specific nucleotide biomarkers, particularly microRNAs, have brought us closer to early-stage detection. The roles of miR-155, miR-197, and miR-182 have been established in stage I lung cancer. Recent progress in synthesizing nanomaterials with higher conductivity has enhanced the diagnostic sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors, which can detect low concentrations of targeted biomarkers. Therefore, this review article focuses on exploring electrochemical biosensors based on microRNA in lung cancer.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Nanoestruturas , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Nanoestruturas/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Técnicas EletroquímicasRESUMO
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRs) are sensitive molecular diagnostic tools that can serve as highly accurate biomarkers in many disease states in general and cancer specifically. MiR-based electrochemical biosensors can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, making them suitable for clinical use and mass production for point-of-care use. This paper reviews nanomaterial-enhanced miR-based electrochemical biosensors in pancreatic cancer detection, analyzing both labeled and label-free approaches, as well as enzyme-based and enzyme-free methods.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , MicroRNAs , Nanoestruturas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Neoplasias PancreáticasRESUMO
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) constitute a number of double-stranded DNA viruses with propensity to cause infection in squamous epithelial cells. Certain types of these viruses have been found to cause human cancers through delivering their oncoproteins E6 and E7. Since not all of infected patients develop malignant lesions, other factors might affect HPV-associate carcinogenic processes. A number of investigations have shown interaction between HPV-encoded proteins and a number of non-coding RNAs, principally microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Such interactions have been found to influence pathogenesis of HPV-related cancers. miR-21, miR-9, miR-143, miR-214 and let-7 are among miRNAs that contribute in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lesions. HOTAIR, SNHG8, SOX2OT, SNHG12, GABPB1-AS1, SOX21-AS1, DINO, HOST2, CCDST, FAM83H-AS1, TMPOP2 and CCEPR are examples of lncRNAs that contribute in this process. In the current review, we provide an outline of investigations that reported the impact of these transcripts in HPV-related cancers.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Neoplasias , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais , Infecções por Papillomavirus , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Proteínas , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismoRESUMO
miR-379 is a miRNA transcribed from the MIR379 locus on 14q32.31. This miRNA is located in an evolutionarily conserved miRNA cluster in an imprinted region that contains DLK1 and DIO3 genes. The mouse homolog of this miRNA has been shown to be under-expressed in response to glucocorticoid receptor deficiency. Moreover, miR-379 has a tumor-suppressive role in a wide variety of tissues including the brain, breast, lung, and liver. In addition to restraining cell proliferation and migration, miR-379 can suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Abnormal expression of this miRNA implies the pathogenesis of Duchene muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury, diabetic nephropathy, acute myocardial infarction, and premature ovarian failure. This review aims to the summarization of the role of miR-379 in neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions.
