[Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of localized prostatic cancer]. / Magnitno-resonansnaia tomografiia v diagnostike klinicheski lokalizovannogo raka predctatel'noi zhelezy.

To evaluate efficacy of MR imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of local prostatic cancer (LPC) and validity of MRI performance in patients with high levels of prostate-specific antigens (PSA), we made a retrospective analysis of a combined examination of 210 patients including MRI (100%). Of them, 68 (32.4%) had prostatic cancer (LPC pT1-pT2 in 27 patients, 39.7%), 87 (41.4%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 35 (16.7%)--chronic prostatitis (CP). 17 (8.1%) patients were free of prostatic diseases. MRI accuracy in diagnosis of LPC was 60%, sensitivity 70%, specificity 54%, in positive and negative prognostic values 50 and 73%, respectively. Some features of LPC were seen in MRI of BPH, CP and control patients. MRI symptoms characteristic for one of the above diseases only were not determined. We believe that MRI is indicated in suspected prostatic cancer located in the central zone and anterior lateral regions of the peripheral zone (unpalpable prostatic cancer). Prostatic MRI with assessment of the lower spine and pelvic bones is justified in men over 50 years if PSA is above 10 ng/ml. Early and accurate diagnosis of LPC by MRI is impossible without evaluation of clinical and PSA data.

[Potentialities of low-field magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive cancer of cervix uteri]. / Vozmozhnosti nizkopol'noi magnitno-rezonansnoi tomografii v diagnostike i lechenii invazivnogo raka sheiki matki.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of low-field (0.14 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the cervix uteri. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Low-field MRI was performed in 39 patients with cancer of the cervix uteri to define the stage of the tumor and to follow up the outcomes of their treatment. Particular emphasis was laid on the determination of the size of the tumor and the presence of parametral invasion and on metastatic lesions of lymph nodes. MRI data were compared with clinical, morphological, and surgical staging results. In detecting the stage of cancer of the cervix uteri, the accuracy of MRI was 72% whereas that of clinical study was 51%. In determining parametral invasion, the accuracy of clinical study and low-field MRI was 71 and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 83 and 92%, respectively. The anterioposterior tumor size was an important prognostic factor in following up the outcomes of treatment as there was its close association and the incidence of tumor recurrences. The present study has indicated that the high efficiency of low-field MRI in detecting the stage of invasive cancer of cervix uteri makes it the method of choice in planning treatment and monitoring the outcomes of combined radiation therapy.

[The use of low-field magnetic resonance tomography in the combined radiodiagnosis of prostatic diseases]. / Primenenie nizkopol'noi magnitno-rezonansnoi tomografii v kompleksnoi luchevoi diagnostike zabolevanii predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Diagnostic examination of 134 patients with recognized or suspected prostatic lesion comprised: urodynamic tests, excretory urography (EU), transrectal ultrasonography (TU), CT and NMR tomography. EU, TU, CT and NMR were employed in 54 (40%), 123 (92%), 32 (24%) and 114 (85%) patients, respectively. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) stage I and II was diagnosed in 40 (71%) and 16 (28%) examinees, respectively. Prostatic cancer was revealed in 22 (16%) examinees. T2, T3, T4 were staged in 10, 5 and 7 patients, respectively. 32 (24%) patients had chronic prostatitis which was also diagnosed in 12 (21%) BPH patients. It is stated that NMR tomography is not inferior to TU in detecting prostatic lesions having the advantages of ultrasonography and CT. NMR tomography is moderately specific (46%) for prostatic cancer, highly sensitive in identification of BPH and prostatic cancer (83 and 89%, respectively). Of special importance is the capacity of NMR-tomography to visualize involvement of the adjacent organs and regional metastases. This facilitates the disease staging, choice of individual therapeutic policy and subsequent dynamic control.

[Use of low-field MR tomography in the comprehensive diagnosis of diseases of the small pelvis]. / Primenenie nizkopol'noi MR-tomografii v kompleksnom diagnostike patologii organov malogo taza.

A comprehensive examination (ultrasonography, computed and magnetic resonance tomography) was made in 179 patients with small pelvic diseases. It demonstrated the high informative value of low-field MR tomography in the detection of small pelvic abnormalities, its advantages over other radiation diagnostic techniques in defining the stage of development of tumorous lesions of these organs. The application of paramagnetic contrast agents provides additional information, particularly in volumetric lesions of the uterus and urinary bladder.