[Analysis of the causes of cancer negligence and low survival in the patients with malignant neoplasms of ENT and oral cavity in the city of Moscow].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the causes of late detection of malignant neoplasms of ENT and oral cavity and low survival of the patents with these tumours in Moscow. The secondary objective was to elaborate the organizational measures for reducing the level of negligence and mortality from these malignancies among the city population. It was shown that the main cause behind the negligence is the late application of the patients for the medical assistance. Next in importance are asymptomatic clinical course of the disease in the absence of the pathognomonic and early signs of malignant neoplasms, a combination of several pathologies, imperfection of medical knowledge, and the poor resolving power of the modern methods. It is emphasized that the lack of vigilance against cancer among the practicing health providers is one of the main causes of medical errors. A few ways to address the problem of negligence with respect to malignant neoplasms of ENT and oral cavity in Moscow are proposed.

[Prophylactic medical examination of patients with head and neck tumours in Moscow--continuity of patients' care provided by oncologists and general practitioners].

The primary objective of prophylactic medical examination of oncological patients is reduction of mortality and improvement of the quality of life. Activities of the Department of Head and Neck Tumours of No 1 Oncological Clinical Dispensary are focused on dynamic follow-up of treated patients for early identification of continued tumour growth, diagnosis of relapses and metastases. Compliance with the schedule of control examination in the post-treatment period facilitates early identification of continued tumour growth, diagnosis of relapses and metastases. It is maintained that irregular examination is a cause of progression of latent relapses and metastasis in oncological patients. Actions and duties of district otorhinolaryngologists and ENT specialists of the Department of Head and Neck Tumours, No 1 Oncological Clinical Dispensary are outlined for the periods of prophylactic medical examination and follow up studies at the pre-hospital stage and in the course of dynamic post-treatment observations. Continuity of patients' care provided by oncologists and otorhinolaryngologists is supposed to contribute to the reduction of time spent during pre-treatment studies, early diagnosis of relapses and metastases, and improvement of the quality of life in the patients with incurable and recurring tumours.

[Delayed results of the treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer in Moscow].

The objective of the present study was to analysis results of the follow-up survey involving 1,532 patients with laryngeal cancer residing in Moscow for the period from 1999 till 2005. The five-year survival rates among the patients treated in otolaringological departments of general medical care settings (12.6%) and in specialized oncological centers of Moscow (87.4%) were compared. The difference between the outcomes of the treatment are attributable to a variety of causes. It is emphasized that surgical treatment of patients with stage III and IV laryngeal cancer should be combined with radio- and chemotherapy. The treatment should be given in specialized oncological facilities having the adequately trained personnel and the necessary equipment for the in-depth examination of the patients to ensure planning rational treatment strategies and preventive medical surveillance on a permanent basis.

[Principles of early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms in ENT organs].

According to Moscow city Oncological Dispensary, the number of patients with malignant neoplasms of ENT organs has increased during the last 5 years. In 79-84% of the patients the diseases is diagnosed at stage III-V which leads to rather poor results of treatment. Results of analysis of causes for late diagnosis of ENT neoplasms point out to the necessity to raise oncologic alertness among ambulatory physicians. Up-to-date methods of early diagnosis of oncological diseases of ENT organs are discussed.

[Endoscopic diagnosis of multiple primary cancer of the upper airways]. / Endoskopicheskaia diagnostika pervichno-mnozhestvennogo raka verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

The authors analyze the results obtained at comprehensive examination of 123 patients with multifocal synchronous and metachronous cancer of the upper respiratory tracts and the lungs. Cancer of the larynx and the lungs was registered in 107 patients, multifocal cancer of the pharynx and lungs in 16 patients. Synchronous and metachronous cancer of the larynx and the lungs was diagnosed in 48 (44.9%) and 59 (55.1%) patients, respectively. High efficacy of endoscopic diagnosis is shown for multifocal cancer of the larynx and lungs, pharynx and lungs.