Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Psychological and Physical Risk Factors.

Purpose-This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MSD pain in various anatomical regions among nurses. Method-A cross-sectional study involving a self-administered questionnaire by registered nurses with clinical experience. Data was collected using convenience sampling after obtaining informed consent. The results were drawn from a total of 300 nurses. Results-The nurses presented with occasional mental exhaustion (44.3%) and often physical exhaustion (44.0%). Almost all (97.3%) the nurses complained of having work-related pain during the last 12 months. Body parts with the most pain were the lower back (86.7%), ankles (86.7%), neck (86.0%), shoulders (85.0%), lower legs (84.7%) and upper back (84.3%). The pain frequency was rated as occasional pain for the neck and upper back, pain was often felt for the rest of the parts. Nurses complained of severe pain in the lower back (19.7%), right shoulder (29.7%) and left shoulder (30.3%). The frequency of having musculoskeletal symptoms in any body region was increased with age, lower education level, female gender, high BMI, job tenure and lifestyle. Conclusions-Nurses' WRMSD complaints should be taken seriously to curb further risk and musculoskeletal hazards.

Undeca-carbon-yl[(4-methyl-sulfanylphen-yl)di-phenyl-phosphane]triruthenium(0): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

The title cluster compound, [Ru3(C19H17PS)(CO)11], comprises a triangle of Ru0 atoms, two of which are bonded to four carbonyl ligands. The third metal atom is bound to three carbonyl ligands and the phosphane-P atom of a dissymmetric phosphane ligand, PPh2(C6H4SMe-4); no Ru⋯S inter-actions are observed. The phosphane occupies an equatorial position and its proximity to an Ru-Ru edge results in the elongation of this bond with respect to the others [2.8933 (2) Šcf. 2.8575 (2) and 2.8594 (3) Å]. In the crystal, phenyl-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and carbonyl-O⋯O(carbon-yl) [2.817 (2) Å] inter-actions combine to form a supra-molecular chain propagating along [111]; the chains pack without directional inter-actions between them. The carbonyl-O⋯O(carbon-yl) and other weak contacts have an influence upon the Hirshfeld surfaces with O⋯H contacts making the greatest contribution, i.e. 37.4% cf. 15.8% for O⋯O and 15.6% for H⋯H contacts.

[µ2-Bis(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)hexa-ne]bis-[undeca-carbonyl-triangulo-triruthenium(3 Ru-Ru)] hexane monosolvate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

In the title cluster complex hexane solvate, [Ru6(C30H32P2)(CO)22]·C6H14, two Ru3(CO)11 fragments are linked by a Ph2P(CH2)6PPh2 bridge with the P atoms equatorially disposed with respect to the Ru3 triangle in each case; the hexane solvent mol-ecule is statistically disordered. The Ru⋯Ru distances span a relatively narrow range, i.e. 2.8378 (4) to 2.8644 (4) Å. The hexyl chain within the bridge has an all-trans conformation. In the mol-ecular packing, C-H⋯O inter-actions between cluster mol-ecules, and between cluster and hexane solvent mol-ecules lead to a three-dimensional architecture. In addition, there are a large number of C≡O⋯π(arene) inter-actions in the crystal. The importance of the carbonyl groups in establishing the packing is emphasized by the contribution of 53.4% to the Hirshfeld surface by O⋯H/H⋯O contacts.

Molecular modelling, synthesis and biological evaluation of peptide inhibitors as anti-angiogenic agent targeting neuropilin-1 for anticancer application.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its co-receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) are important targets of many pro-angiogenic factors. In this study, nine peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their molecular interaction with NRP-1 and compared to our previous peptide ATWLPPR. Docking study showed that the investigated peptides shared the same binding region as shown by tuftsin known to bind selectively to NRP-1. Four pentapeptides (DKPPR, DKPRR, TKPPR and TKPRR) and a hexapeptide CDKPRR demonstrated good inhibitory activity against NRP-1. In contrast, peptides having arginine residue at sites other than the C-terminus exhibited low activity towards NRP-1 and this is confirmed by their inability to displace the VEGF165 binding to NRP-1. Docking study also revealed that replacement of carboxyl to amide group at the C-terminal arginine of the peptide did not affect significantly the binding interaction to NRP-1. However, the molecular affinity study showed that these peptides have marked reduction in the activity against NRP-1. Pentapeptides having C-terminal arginine showed strong interaction and good inhibitory activity with NRP thus may be a good template for anti-angiogenic targeting agent.

Synthesis, spectral characterization and crystals structure of some arsane derivatives of gold (I) complexes: a comparative density functional theory study.

A series of complexes of the type LAuCl where L = tris(p-tolylarsane), tris(m-tolylarsane), bis(diphenylarsano)ethane, and tris(naphthyl)arsane have been synthesized. All of the new complexes, 1-4, have been fully characterized by means of ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The structures of complexes 1-4 have been determined from X-ray diffraction data. The linear molecules have an average bond distance between gold-arsenic and gold-chlorine of 2.3390Å and 2.2846Å, respectively. Aurophilic interaction was prominent in complex 1 and 3, whereas complex 2 and 4 do not show any such interaction. The intermolecular gold interaction bond length was affected by the electronegativity of the molecule. The computed values calculated at DFT level using B3LYP function are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Crystal structure of bromido-bis-(naph-thal-en-1-yl)anti-mony(III).

In the title compound, [SbBr(C10H7)2], the Sb(III) atom has a distorted trigonal-pyramidal coordination geometry and the planes of the two naphthalene ring systems make a dihedral angle of 80.26 (18)°. An intra-molecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bond forms an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯Br inter-actions link the mol-ecules into helical chains along the b-axis direction.

(Benzyl-diphenyl-phosphane-1κP)[µ-bis(diphenylphosphan-yl)methane-2:3κ(2) P:P']nona-carbonyl-1κ(3) C,2κ(3) C,3κ(3) C-triangulo-triruthenium(0).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ru3(C19H17P)(C25H22P2)(CO)9], consists of two independent mol-ecules. The bis-(di-phenyl-phosphan-yl)methane ligand bridges an Ru-Ru bond and the benzyl-diphenyl-phosphane ligand binds to the third Ru atom. The Ru-Ru bond cis to the benzyl-diphenyl-phosphane ligand is the longest of the three Ru-Ru bonds in both mol-ecules. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ac plane. C-H⋯π contacts further stabilize the crystal packing.

[µ-Bis(diphenyl-arsino)methane-1:2κ(2)As:As]deca-carbonyl-1κ(3)C,2κ(3)C,3κ(4)C-triangulo-triosmium(0).

The title compound, [Os(3)(C(25)H(22)As(2))(CO)(10)], contains a triangle of singly bonded Os atoms; both arsine ligands are equatorial with respect to the Os(3) triangle. Each arsine-substituted Os atom bears one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands, whereas the unsubstituted Os atom bears two equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings in the diphenyl-arsino groups are 67.42 (16) and 61.99 (16)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains propagating along [010].

[µ-Bis(di-o-tolyl-phosphan-yl)methane-1:2κ(2)P:P']nona-carbonyl-1κ(3)C,2κ(3)C,3κ(3)C-(triphenyl phosphite-3κP)-triangulo-triruthenium(0) chloro-form disolvate.

In the title solvated triangulo-triruthenium compound, [Ru(3)(C(18)H(15)O(3)P)(C(29)H(30)P(2))(CO)(9)]·2CHCl(3), the bis-(di-o-tolyl-phosphan-yl)methane (dtpm) ligand bridges one of the Ru-Ru bonds and the monodentate phosphine ligand bonds to the third Ru atom. All the P atoms are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle: each Ru atom also bears one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 75.92 (10) and 78.95 (10)° for the two diphenyl-phosphanyl groups of the dtpm ligand. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into chains along [010].

[µ-Bis(di-o-tolyl-phosphan-yl)methane-1:2κ(2)P:P']nona-carbonyl-1κ(3)C,2κ(3)C,3κ(3)C-[tris-(2-chloro-eth-yl) phosphite-3κP]-triangulo-triruthenium(0).

In the title compound, [Ru(3)(C(6)H(12)Cl(3)O(3)P)(C(29)H(30)P(2))(CO)(9)], the bis-(di-o-tolyl-phosphan-yl)methane ligand bridges one Ru-Ru bond and the monodentate phosphite ligand bonds to the third Ru atom. Both ligands are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle. Each Ru atom bears one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings in the diphenyl-phosphanyl groups are 79.52 (10) and 69.88 (10)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along [100].

[µ-1,6-Bis(diphenyphosphan-yl)hexane-1:2κ(2)P:P']deca-carbonyl-1κ(3)C,2κ(3)C,3κ(4)C-triangulo-triruthenium(0).

The title triangulo-triruthenium(0) compound, [Ru(3)(C(30)H(32)P(2))(CO)(10)], contains a triangle of singly bonded Ru atoms. The phosphane-bridged Ru-Ru distance [2.9531 (2) Å] is significantly longer than the non-bridged Ru-Ru distances [2.8842 (2) and 2.8876 (2) Å] . The bis-(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)hexane ligand bridges the Ru-Ru bond. Each phosphane-substituted Ru atom bears one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands, whereas the unsubstituted Ru atom bears two equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the benzene rings attached to each P atom are 72.75 (7) and 82.02 (7)°. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond involving a methyl-ene group of the phosphane ligand and an axial carbonyl O atom, which generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into layers parallel to (100).

trans-Tetra-carbonyl-bis-[tris-(3-fluoro-phen-yl)phosphane]chromium(0).

In the title compound, [Cr(C(18)H(12)F(3)P)(2)(CO)(4)], the Cr atom is octa-hedrally coordinated by four carbonyl ligands and the two tertiary phosphanes, which are trans to each other. The three benzene rings in one phosphane ligand make dihedral angles of 53.50 (9), 75.51 (10) and 80.63 (10)° with each other, while in the other ligand these angles are 51.92 (10), 78.56 (11) and 86.80 (10)°. C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. Each of the F atoms is disordered over two positions with refined occupancies of 0.944 (3):0.056 (3), 0.702 (4):0.298 (4), 0.829 (4):0.171 (4), 0.567 (4):0.433 (4), 0.545 (4):0.455 (4) and 0.920 (4):0.080 (4).

trans-Tetra-carbonyl-bis-[tris-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)phosphane-κP]chromium(0).

In the title compound, [Cr(C(18)H(12)F(3)P)(2)(CO)(4)], the Cr atom is octa-hedrally coordinated by four carbonyl ligands and the two tertiary phosphanes that are trans to each other. The Cr atom and two carbonyl groups are on a twofold axis. The benzene rings attached to the phospho-rus atom make dihedral angles of 80.32 (5), 52.91 (5) and 83.80 (5)° with each other. In the crystal, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F inter-molecular inter-actions form an infinite three-dimensional network.

cis-[1,2-Bis(diphenyl-arsan-yl)ethane-κAs,As']tetra-carbonyl-chromium(0).

In the title compound, [Cr(C(26)H(24)As(2))(CO)(4)], the Cr atom is octa-hedrally coordinated by four carbonyl ligands and one bidentate 1,2-bis-(diphenyl-arsan-yl)ethane ligand, which chelates in a cis manner with an As-Cr-As bite angle of 82.513 (9)°. The dihedral angles between the pairs of benzene rings attached to each As atom are 84.63 (9) and 77.15 (8)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming infinite chains along the a axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C-H⋯π inter-actions.

[µ-1,6-Bis(diphenyl-arsan-yl)hexa-ne]bis-[chloridogold(I)].

In the title compound, [Au(2)Cl(2)(C(30)H(32)As(2))], each Au atom is coordinated by As and Cl atoms in an approximately linear geometry. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into two-dimensional networks parallel to the ac plane via inter-molecular C-H⋯Cl inter-actions. One of the phenyl rings is disordered over two positions, with site occupancies of 0.518 (8) and 0.482 (8).

[µ-Bis(diphenyl-arsanyl)methane-1:2κAs:As']nona-carbonyl-1κC,2κC,3κC-(triisoprop-yl phos-phite-3κP)-triangulo-triruthenium(0).

The asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, Ru(3)(CO)(9)(µ-Ph(2)AsCH(2)AsPh(2))(P[OCH(CH(3))(2)](3)) or [Ru(3)(C(25)H(22)As(2))(C(9)H(21)O(3)P)(CO)(9)], contains two mol-ecules of the triangulo-triruthenium complex. The bis-(diphenyl-arsanyl)methane ligand bridges an Ru-Ru bond and the monodentate phosphite ligand binds to the third Ru atom. Both the arsine and phosphite ligands are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle. Additionally, each Ru atom carries one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the pairs of benzene rings bound to individual As atoms are 85.67 (8) and 75.91 (8) in the first independent mol-ecule and 74.64 (8) and 70.76 (9) in the second. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

[µ-Bis(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)ethane-1:2κP:P']nona-carbonyl-1κC,2κC,3κC-[tris-(4-(meth-oxy-phen-yl)arsane-3κAs]-triangulo-triruthenium(0) chloro-form monosolvate.

The asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, [Ru(3)(C(21)H(21)AsO(3))(C(26)H(24)P(2))(CO)(9)]·CHCl(3), consists of one mol-ecule of the triangulo-triruthenium complex and one chloro-form solvent mol-ecule. The bis(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)ethane ligand bridges an Ru-Ru bond and the monodentate arsane ligand bonds to the third Ru atom. Both the arsane and phosphine ligands are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle. Additionally, each Ru atom carries one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The three arsane-substituted benzene rings make dihedral angles of 52.72 (19), 63.03 (19) and 88.19 (19)° with each other. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 85.8 (2) and 89.2 (2)° for the two diphenyl-phosphanyl groups. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked together into a three-dimensional network via inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions further stabilize the crystal structure.

[µ-Bis(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)ethane-1:2κP:P']nona-carbonyl-1κC,2κC,3κC-(triphenyl-stibine-3κSb)-triangulo-triruthenium(0).

The asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, [Ru(3)(C(26)H(24)P(2))(C(18)H(15)Sb)(CO)(9)], consists of two crystallographically independent mol-ecules, A and B. The bis-(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)ethane ligand bridges an Ru-Ru bond and the monodentate stibine ligand bonds to the third Ru atom. Both the stibine and phosphine ligands are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle. Additionally, each Ru atom carries one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The three stibine-substituted benzene rings make dihedral angles of 38.7 (3), 71.5 (3) and 70.0 (3)° with each other in mol-ecule A whereas these angles are 83.9 (3), 88.2 (3) and 56.8 (3)° in mol-ecule B. Similarly, the dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 80.7 (3) and 87.6 (3)° for the two diphenyl-phosphanyl groups in mol-ecule A and 84.0 (3) and 72.6 (4)° in mol-ecule B. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into tetra-mers via inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions further stabilize the crystal structure.

[µ-Bis(diphenyl-arsanyl)methane-1:2κAs:As']nona-carbonyl-1κC,2κC,3κC-[(4-methyl-sulfanylphen-yl)diphenyl-phosphane-3κP]-triangulo-triruthenium(0).

In the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, [Ru(3)(C(25)H(22)As(2))(C(19)H(17)PS)(CO)(9)], the bis-(diphenyl-arsanyl)methane ligand bridges an Ru-Ru bond and the monodentate phosphane ligand bonds to the third Ru atom. Both arsine and phosphane ligands are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle. In addition, each Ru atom carries one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The three phosphane-substituted benzene rings make dihedral angles of 57.91 (19), 84.31 (15) and 59.37 (18)° with each other. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 60.9 (2) and 85.40 (18)° for the two diphenyl-arsanyl groups. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions stabilize the crystal structure.

[µ-Bis(di-o-tolyl-phosphan-yl)methane-1:2κP:P']nona-carbonyl-1κC,2κC,3κC-[diphen-yl(phenyl-sulfanylmeth-yl)phosphane-3κP]-triangulo-triruthenium(0) dichloro-methane 0.25-solvate.

In the title compound, [Ru(3)(C(29)H(30)P(2))(C(19)H(17)PS)(CO)(9)]·0.25CH(2)Cl(2), the atoms of the dichloro-methane solvent mol-ecule have a fractional site occupancy of 0.25; the dichloro-methane mol-ecule is disordered about an inversion centre. The bis-(di-o-tolyl-phosphan-yl)methane ligand bridges an Ru-Ru bond and the monodentate phosphane ligand bonds to the third Ru atom; its S-bonded phenyl ring is disordered over two orientations in a 0.53 (4):0.47 (4) ratio. All the P atoms are equatorial with respect to the Ru(3) triangle: each Ru atom also bears one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings attached to each P atom of the diphenyl-phosphanyl ligand are 68.4 (2) and 71.5 (2)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into [001] chains via inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions also occur.