[Comparative evaluation of nutrition of healthy persons, patients with the preclinical stage of ischemic heart disease and in patients with marked coronary disease]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka kharaktera pitaniia zdorovykh, lits s dokli- nicheskoi stadiei ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa i bol'nykh s vyrazhennoi ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

A total of 92 males aged 28 to 55 years were examined. These included 28 apparently healthy individuals, 45 subjects with preclinical coronary heart disease and 19 patients with Functional Class I-II coronary heart disease. A special questionnaire was used to examine the dietary patterns of the subjects with preclinical coronary heart disease, i.e. those having no typical clinical signs of the disease, but showing signs of myocardial infarction during the maximum exercise testing and minimal coronary arterial changes at selective coronary angiography. The subjects, unlike healthy individuals and CHD patients, were found to have 1 or 2 meals a day, frequently late at night, consume large amounts of sugar and other candies, fatty milk products, butter, eggs; small quantities of vegetables, fruits, and fish, often put additional amounts of salt to their diet. The subjects, as patients with severe CHD but unlike healthy individuals, were shown to have hypercholesterolemia and display high low density lipoprotein and apo-lipoprotein B levels; apo B/apo A being more than 1. The above dietary patterns of subjects with preclinical CHD represent one of the causes of abnormal changes in the blood lipid profile, which result in further CHD development.

[The effect of a one-time fat load on indicators of the plasma lipoprotein system in patients with ischemic heart disease and in healthy patients]. / Vliianie odnorazovoi zhirovoi nagruzki na pokazateli sistemy lipoproteidov plazmy krovi bol'nykh ishemicheskoi belezniu serdtsa i zdorovykh lits.

Effects of fatty loading on patterns of the lipoprotein system were studied in blood plasma of 39 patients with ischemic heart disease and of 21 healthy volunteers and were carried out on fasting individuals within 3 and 6 hrs after the loading. Alterations were detected in the lipoprotein system of the patients as compared with healthy persons. In the patients with ischemic heart disease content of apoI was not increased while subfraction of high density lipoproteins HDL3b was elevated within 3 hrs and cholesterol content was decreased within 6 hrs after the fatty loading. These alterations appear to be applicable as tests for detection of latent atherogenous defects in the HDL system.

[Incidence among men of atherogenic potential of the serum detected in a culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. / Rasprostranennost' sredi muzhchin aterogennogo potentsiala syvorotki krovi, vyiavliaemogo v kul'ture peritoneal'nykh makrofagov myshi.

Blood serum of 63 persons out of 191 men examined, randomly selected among non-organized population, caused in primary culture of mice peritoneal macrophages the 1.3-4-fold increased accumulation of intercellular cholesterol. Blood serum of other 128 men studied did not exhibit any atherogenic properties in the culture. The atherogenic potential of blood serum did not correlate with content of blood serum lipids, apolipoproteins B and A-I, while it correlated with the ratio apo B/apo A-I in blood serum and with one of ischemic heart disease risk factors--increased arterial pressure. Blood serum atherogenic potential, detected in experimental model, appears to be involved in development of human atherosclerosis.

[Comparative analysis of the lipid-protein spectrum of lipoproteins and fatty acid composition of lipids in plasma and erythrocytes of native populations of Chukotka and Moscow]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz lipid-belkovogo spektra lipoproteidov i zhirnokislotnogo sostava lipidov plazmy krovi i éritrotsitov korennykh zhitelei Chukotki i moskvichei.

A lower content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and apo B as well as a higher content of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) were found in coast and continental Chuckchee land inhabitants as compared with moscowites, which are dissimilar in consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3. At the same time, the lower content of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and higher concentration of HDL cholesterol were detected in blood plasma of coast inhabitants as compared with continental residents of the Chuckchee land, while content of apo B and triglycerides was similar. Concentration of apoA-I was the same in all three groups of the persons examined. The diet of coast Chuchkchee land inhabitants, involving the higher level of unsaturated fatty acids n-3, resulted in the higher ratio between HDL cholesterol and apoA-I, in the higher part of unsaturated fatty acids n-3 in blood plasma lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol esters) and erythrocytes; it led to a relative increase of sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and to a decrease of phosphatidylcholine in HDL subfractions. The data obtained suggest that the diet, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3, exhibited the generalized effect on fatty acid composition of a number of cell membranes and, hence, on their functions.

[Low density lipoprotein distribution by flotation characteristics in normal conditions and in dyslipoproteinemias]. / Raspredelenie lipoproteinov nizkoi plotnosti po flotatsionnym kharakteristikam v norme i pri dislipoproteidemiiakh.

Distribution of low density (LDL; density range of 1.006-1.063), using the LDL flotation velocity in ultracentrifugation as a criterion, was studied in 4 groups of patients with coronary atherosclerosis (31 patients was examined, 24 of which were with angiographically confirmed coronary atherosclerosis): control group, patients with ischemic heart disease-with normal level of blood plasma lipids, with increased content of triglycerides and with decreased content of LDL cholesterol. The ratio of LDL particles with high hydration density was elevated in the LDL spectrum of all the patients examined. At the same time, each group of patients examined exhibited specific alterations in the LDL distribution spectra.

[Effect of nutrition factors on the subfractional spectrum of high density lipoproteins]. / Vliianie pishchevykh vozdeistvii na subfraktsionnyi spektr lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti.

High amount of animal lipids containing in a diet of 5 persons examined led to increase in content of lipids and of subfraction 3b of high density lipoproteins (HDL) as well as to decrease of the HDL 3a subfraction in their blood plasma. Hypocholesterolemic diet, used for medical purposes in 5 patients with heart ischemic disease within 4 weeks, caused the opposite alterations in the HDL subfraction spectrum of all the patients studied: a decrease in 3b subfraction and an increase in 3a subfraction content. Any alterations in the patterns studied, estimated every week, were not observed in the control group (5 persons) maintained on usual diet without certain dietetic or medical recommendations. These alterations in the HDL subfraction spectrum, observed under conditions of various diets, appear to occur due to their dissimilar effects on alternative steps of cholesterol transport: in loading with lipids--impairment of usual catabolism of HDL2 particles, which, after carrying out of their functions, are remained in circulation and converted into HDL3-like particles. In hypocholesterolemic diet specific pool appears to be available in turnover of small particles into large fractions (conversion of 3a into 2a subfractions). Thus, short-term lipid loading as well as prolonged diet free of animal lipids, usually occurring in human life, affect the transport system of cholesterol elimination from peripheric tissues, which was manifested as alteration in the subfraction spectrum of HDL.

[Lipoprotein-dependent synthesis of prostacyclin in smooth muscle cells]. / Lipoproteidzavisimyi sintez prostatsiklina v gladkomyshechnykh kletkakh.

Low (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) stimulated prostacycline (PGI2) synthesis in rabbit and human aorta smooth muscle cells growing in culture. The lipoproteins were added to the cells in concentrations equal to that of cholesterol. It was shown that HDL exerted a stronger stimulating effect as compared to LDL. The maximal effect was observed with HDL3. HDL3 isolated from blood serum of healthy volunteers appeared to be more active in PGI2 synthesis promotion than those of CDH patients with documented coronary atherosclerosis. Purified Apo A-1 stimulated the transformation of [14C]arachidonic acid into the products of its metabolism with increased accumulation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha among labeled metabolites. Estradiol (1.10(-7) M) showed a stimulating effect; norepinephrine (1.10(-6) M) and progesterone (1.10(-7) M) showed an inhibiting effect, whereas corticosterone (1.10(-6) M) and deoxycorticosterone (1.10(-6) M) did not influence the rate of LDL-dependent PGI2 synthesis.

[First-onset stenocardia: indices of the atherogenicity of the blood plasma lipoprotein system and the coronary angiographic data]. / Vpervye voznikshaia stenokardiia: pokazateli aterogennosti sistemy lipoproteidov plazmy krovi i dannye koronarnoi angiografii.

Coronary angiography and the assessment of blood lipoproteins were carried out in 43 patients with recent (not more than three months old) angina. A rise in cholesterol above 270 mg/dl and/or triglycerides above 200 mg/dl was demonstrated in 19. The level of alpha-cholesterol was below 35 mg/dl in 11 of 24 normolipidemic patients. The apoprotein B/apoprotein AI ratio was above 1.0 in 7 of 13 patients with normal cholesterol levels. Plasma phospholipid composition was disturbed in 4 of 6 patients with normal apoprotein B/apoprotein AI rations. Therefore, atherogenic changes in plasma lipoprotein composition were found in 95% of patients with recent angina.

[Distribution of subfractions of high-density lipoproteins during their separation according to hydrated density and particle size]. / Raspredelenie podfraktsii lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti pri ikh razdelenii v sootvetstvii s gidratirovannoi plotnost'iu i razmerom chastits.

Distribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions was studied by means of gradient ultracentrifugation depending on their hydration density and using electrophoresis in gradient polyacrylamide gel according to the particles size. 53 men were examined, where 43 patients were impaired with ischemic heart disease and with atherosclerosis of coronary arteries documented by angiography. In all the patients with ischemic heart disease and dislipoproteinemias distribution of the HDL particles was altered towards a decrease in amount of HDL2b particles; at the same time, loading with cholesterol of the HDL3 subfraction was lowered. The alterations in the subfraction spectrum and composition of HDL observed in the patients with the ischemia and coronary atherosclerosis appear to exhibit the atherogenous impairments in cholesterol elimination from arterial wall.

[Transport of the fatty acids composing the phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins of the low- and very high-density lipoproteins in the blood plasma in myocardial hypertrophy]. / Transport zhirnykh kislot v sostave fosfatidilkholinov i sfingomielinov lipoproteidov nizkoi i ochen' nizkoi plotnosti plazmy krovi pri gipertrofii miokarda.

A comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SP) of lipoproteins (LP) of low and very low density was performed in the blood plasma of Eskimos (indigenous population of the Chukot Peninsula) in myocardial hypertrophy and in the control group as well as in the control group of Muscovites. Some characteristic features of the fatty acid composition of low density LP PC and SP were revealed in Eskimos in myocardial hypertrophy. The role of changes in the transport of fatty acids of low density LP PC and SP of the blood plasma in the myocyte membrane liquidity as well as in the synthesis of biologically active prostacyclin revealed in myocardial hypertrophy was discussed.

[Comparative characteristics of the basic blood lipid and apolipoprotein spectrum in groups of patients from Moscow and Bordeaux with ischemic heart disease]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika spektra osnovnykh lipidov i apolipoproteinov krovi v gruppakh bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa iz Moskvy i Bordo.

A comparative diagnostic examination of patients with chest pains in Moscow and Bordeaux revealed in both cities a higher level of total plasma cholesterol and apo B/A-I ratio in CHD patients with angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis than in men without CHD. CHD patients from Bordeaux had higher levels of total and HDL cholesterol and a lower triglyceride level than patients from an analogous Moscow group. Both in Moscow and Bordeaux inhabitants the determination of the levels and the ratio of plasma apo B lipoprotein to A-I apolipoprotein proved highly informative for diagnosing atherogenous shifts in the lipoprotein system.

[Preparative subfractionation of high-density lipoproteins in dysalphalipoproteinemias]. / Preparativnoe subfraktsionirovanie lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti pri disal'falipoproteidemiiakh.

A new modified procedure is described for preparative production of three subfractions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) by means of salt density gradient developed in ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids and apoprotein A-1 in both subfractions HDL2b and HDL2 alpha were found to alter simultaneously with the level of HDL cholesterol in blood plasma of the patients with low, normal and increased content of HDL cholesterol (10 men in each group), thus suggesting the alteration of the particles amount in both these subfractions. In hyperalphacholesterolemia the level of all the components studied was unaltered as compared with normal state, and in hypoalphacholesterolemia only cholesterol containing in HDL3 was decreased due to diminished loading of the particles with cholesterol, as calculated per a unit of apoprotein A-1. The data obtained suggest that alterations in amount of both HDL2b and HDL2a particles depended on intensity of lipid binding, especially of cholesterol, to particles of the HDL3 subfraction, which plays an important role in various physiological and pathological states.

[Indicators of the atherogenic properties of plasma lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis (selective angiography data)]. / Pokazateli aterogennosti lipoproteidov plazmy krovi i koronarnyi ateroskleroz (po dannym selektivnoi angiografii).

A combined study of possible atherogenic factors was carried out in 213 males subjected to clinical investigation including selective angiography of the heart's coronary arteries. Two sets of biochemical tests were used: the routine set including the measurement of the plasma lipid spectrum, and a more sophisticated procedure (93 cases) where plasma apoproteins A1 and B, and high-density lipoprotein phospholipid composition were assessed as well. A correlation of biochemical disorders to coronary atherosclerosis could be demonstrated in 68% of cases, using the first set, and in 98% with the second set. Abnormal apoprotein levels and high-density lipoprotein phospholipid composition were found to contribute significantly to lipoprotein atherogenesis even in cases of normolipidemia.

[Various reasons for changes in the phospholipid composition of high density lipoproteins in hypoalphacholesterolemia]. / Nekotorye prichiny izmenenii fosfolipidnogo sostava lipoproteinov vysokoi plotnosti pri gipoal'fakholesterinemii.

In men without any symptoms of ischemic heart disease, living in two different geographical zones (Moscow and Chuckchee land) low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was accompanied by alterations in phospholipid composition of HDL2 and HDL3: decrease in the ration of lecithin and increase in sphingomyelin and kephalin content. The alteration in the phospholipid composition of these two HDL subclasses occurred simultaneously with changes in fatty acid composition of HDL lecithin: decrease in the ratio of linoleic acid as well as in stearic and arachidonic or eucosepentaenic acids. At the same time, phospholipid composition of the HDL subclasses was dissimilar in men and women without any symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Role of alterations in the fatty acid composition of phosphatide acid as well as effect of hormones on alterations in the phospholipid composition of HDL in hypoalphacholesterolemia are discussed.

[Isolation and quantitative determination of apoprotein C-11 in the blood using rocket immunoelectrophoresis]. / Vydelenie apoproteina C-11 i kolichestvennoe opredelenie ego v plazme krovi metodom raketnogo immunoélektroforeza.

Apoprotein C-II was isolated from human blood plasma by means of column chromatography-gel filtration and DEAE ion exchange chromatography by modified method of Brown et al (1969). Production of antiserum to apoprotein C-II as well as a procedure for rocket immunoelectrophoresis are described for estimation of the apoprotein in blood plasma of men and women of various age, exhibiting different lipid spectra. Content of the apoprotein C-II in blood plasma, estimated by the immunoelectrophoretic procedure, was higher in men as compared with women and correlated with concentration of triglycerides in blood plasma.

[Apoproteins C and E from very low and high density lipoproteins in men with dysalphalipoproteinemia]. / Apoproteiny gruppy C i E lipoproteidov ochen' nizkoi i vysokoi plotnosti u muzhchin s dis-al'fa-lipoproteidemiiami.

Quantitative alterations were found in content and the ratio of apoproteins "C" and "E" from lipoproteins of very low density (LPVLD) and of high density (LPHD). In lipoproteinlipolysis of LPVLD the ratio of total apoprotein-inhibitors to protein-activators was increased in men with hyperalphalipoproteinemia; the lipoproteinlipolytic activity appears to depend on content and composition of specific LPVLD apoproteins. Dissimilar alterations in content of "C" and "E" apoproteins, studied in LPVLD and LPHD simultaneously, occurred when high and low concentrations of cholesterol-LPHD (CS-LPHD) were used. At the same time, content of apoE and cholesterol esters, occurring both in LPVLD and LPHD, was uniformly altered under conditions of CS-LPHD content variation. The data obtained suggest that content of blood plasma CS-LPHD is related to quantitative composition of apoproteins involved in regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in blood plasma.