RESUMO
AIM: To examine key determinants of anxiety and depression in a community sample of people with epilepsy. METHOD: Data were analyzed from the 2010 Australian Epilepsy Longitudinal Survey, examining living with epilepsy in Australia. The HADS was analyzed, and Pearson correlations and block recursive regression were undertaken to identify key associations between anxiety, depression, and a range of variables and to identify key determinants of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Key factors to influence anxiety were social aspects of stigma, effectiveness of seizure control, whether in employment, and the number of different epilepsy drugs. Determinants for depression were social aspects of stigma, whether in employment, and the effectiveness of seizure control. Stigma was also found to be an important mediating variable for employment, control, and the number of drugs. CONCLUSION: Understanding the mechanisms involved in anxiety and depression in a community sample of people with epilepsy requires the inclusion of opportunities for paid employment and the effects of psychosocial factors such as stigma. Without this fuller social context, there are limitations on understanding factors that influence anxiety and depression and how to deal with the outcomes.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Emprego , Epilepsia/psicologia , Estigma Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Depressão/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Meio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Two media used to detect fecal coliforms in water by membrane filtration, m-FC and m-TEC, were modified and supplemented with the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-glucuronide (BCIG) and were compared for quantitative recovery of Escherichia coli. Student's t test of data from 181 water samples of sewage, rivers, lakes, and wells did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences (P = 0.05) in the enumeration of E. coli with these media. Target colonies were confirmed to be E. coli at rates of 98.6 and 97.3% by using FC-BCIG and TEC-BCIG media, respectively. Glucuronidase-negative isolates of E. coli were encountered at the same frequency (6.0%) on both media. This collaborative study demonstrated that either modified basal medium could be used successfully for detection of E. coli in various nontreated waters within 24 h.
Assuntos
Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/métodos , Meios de Cultura , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Filtros Microporos , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
1. In vivo 59Fe absorption from intrinsically labelled Fe-containing fractions of liver and blood were measured in rats by intragastric dosing. All rats were fed on a low-Fe diet for 3 d before dosing in order to standardize the Fe status of the intestinal mucosal cells. 2. An increase in digestion time from 2 to 12 h increased 59Fe absorption (P less than 0.01) from all fractions except ferritin. 3. Fe-deficient rats when compared with essentially Fe-replete rats showed decreased gastric retention for all fractions, but increased 59Fe absorption over 2 h only from ferritin. Ferritin showed several unusual absorption characteristics. 4. Dietary tungsten supplementation of Fe-deficient rats reduced the ferroxidase activity of intestinal mucosal xanthine oxidase. In addition, gastric retention and 59Fe absorption (P less than 0.05) from all fractions were increased.
