RESUMO
Cytokines play an important role in regulation of immune responses either in health or disease. In the present study, the cDNAs encoding mature Interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-12 p35 and p40 of Pashmina goat were cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequence was deduced from nucleotide sequence and compared with those available in GeneBank. Mature forms of goat IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12 p35, and IL-12 p40 composed of 135, 143, 196, and 305 amino acid residues, respectively. Comparison of amino acid sequence of goat IL-2 with sheep, buffalo, cattle, pig, camel, cat, and human sequences showed homology percentages of 100, 97.8, 96.3, 72.4, 72.4, 67.2, and 64.7, respectively. Amino acid sequence of goat IFN-γ showed 98.6, 95.8, 81.1, 81.8, 80.4, and 62.9 percent homology with sheep, bovine, pig, horse, dog, and humans, respectively. Homology ranging from 81.6 to 99% for IL-12 p35 sequences and 85.6 to 100% for IL-12 p40 sequences at amino acid level were observed across these species. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of goat cytokines revealed close relationship with sheep sequence.
Assuntos
Citocinas/classificação , Citocinas/genética , Cabras/genética , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Gatos , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/genética , Cães , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
We describe a highly specific PCR assay for the authentic identification of pork. Accurate detection of tissues derived from pig (Sus scrofa) was accomplished by using newly designed primers targeting porcine mitochondrial displacement (D-loop) region that yielded an unique amplicon of 712 base pairs (bp). Possibility of cross-amplification was precluded by testing as many as 24 animal species (mammals, birds, rodent and fish). Suitability of PCR assay was confirmed in raw (n = 20), cooked (60, 80 and 100 °C), autoclaved (121 °C) and micro-oven processed pork. Sensitivity of detection of pork in other species meat using unique pig-specific PCR was established to be at 0.1%; limit of detection (LOD) of pig DNA was 10 pg (pico grams). The technique can be used for the authentication of raw, processed and adulterated pork and products under the circumstances of food adulteration related disputes or forensic detection of origin of pig species.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Carne/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Primers do DNARESUMO
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine which is widely used for treating neutropenia in humans. Evaluation of alternative to expensive components of redox buffer (reduced and oxidized glutathione) is an important step in reducing the cost of production of human biotherapeutic proteins. In the present study, refolding of recombinant human G-CSF expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs) in E. coli was optimized using cysteine and cystine redox agents. The refolding to correct native form of G-CSF was assessed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The optimized concentrations of cysteine and cystine for correct refolding of G-CSF were found to be 2 mM and 1 mM, respectively. The correctly refolded G-CSF was detected as early as 4 h of incubation in renaturation buffer containing optimized concentrations of cysteine (2 mM) and cystine (1 mM) redox agents. Refolding of G-CSF in optimized redox system increased with increase in shuffling time. Overall, the results suggested the use of cysteine/cystine redox pair could be an alternative to the costlier redox pairs for successful refolding of G-CSF and possibly other human biotherapeutic proteins of importance.
