Antifungal Effect of Ginger Essential Oil Spray on Candida albicans Adhering to Self-Cure Acrylic Plates.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger essential oil spray for elimination of Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to self-cure acrylic plates. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 120 self-cure acrylic discs were contaminated with C. albicans and randomly divided into four main groups: exposure to ginger essential oil, nystatin (positive control), distilled water (negative control), and no exposure. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ginger oil and nystatin was determined by the microdilution test. The stability of C. albicans was determined by culturing the samples of treated acrylic plates and comparing the mean number of remaining colonies. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn test with Bonferroni correction. P<0.05 was considered significant Results: The MIC of ginger essential oil and nystatin was found to be 1560µg/mL and 4µg/mL, respectively. The differences between the mean count of C. albicans colonies before (10175±10730.25) and after the exposure to ginger essential oil (542.86±464.81) and nystatin (257.14±247.67) was statistically significant (P<0.001). The mean number of C. albicans colonies after spraying with nystatin was not significantly different compared with ginger essential oil (P=0.204). The efficacy of nystatin and ginger essential oil at each time was significantly more than distilled water (P<0.001). At 10 and 15min, there was no significant difference between nystatin and ginger essential oil groups (P=0.05). Conclusion: Ginger essential oil spray was found to be a simple and effective method for elimination of C. albicans adhering to acrylic discs.

Effect of Different Forms of Fluoride Application on Surface Roughness of Rhodium-Coated NiTi Orthodontic Wires: A Clinical Trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of different forms of fluoride application on surface roughness of rhodium-coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 15 patients randomly divided into three groups: toothbrush with Oral-B toothpaste only, Oral-B toothpaste, and daily mouthwash, Oral-B toothpaste, and sodium fluoride gel. The surface roughness indices of orthodontic wires including arithmetic mean height (Sa), root mean square height, root mean square gradient, developed interfacial area ratio (Sdr) and maximum surface height were measured by atomic force microscopy at baseline and after 6 weeks of application in the patients' mouths. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, ANOVA, Games-Howell, and Tukey-HSD tests (P<0.05). Results: All surface roughness parameters in all three groups showed a significant increase after intervention, except for Sa in the toothpaste-only group (P=0.057) and Sdr in the sodium fluoride gel group (P=0.064). Conclusion: The surface roughness of rhodium-coated NiTi orthodontic wires increases following the use of different forms of fluoride.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Labial Bone and Covering Soft Tissue in Maxillary Anterior Segment: A Dilemma in Orthodontics.

PURPOSES: The thickness of the buccal bone and its covering gingiva is pivotal in determining the prognosis of implant therapy as well as fixed orthodontic appliances, especially nonextraction treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccal bone thickness and covering soft tissue in the maxillary anterior segment. METHODS: This study measured the hard tissue thickness at 2 and 5 mm more apical from the crest and at the root apical apex, as well as the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest, using 80 CBCT images divided into three age groups. In addition, the distance from free gingiva to alveolar crest and from free gingiva to CEJ was measured. The acquired data then was analyzed using an ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation to investigate any associations or statistically significant differences between parameters. RESULTS: The highest mean soft tissue thickness at the 5 mm level was for central incisors and the least for canine. The highest mean thickness of soft tissue at the crest level and its 2 mm apical level was related to central incisors and the lowest mean thickness at these levels was related to canine. Analysis of hard tissue variables showed the lower thickness of hard tissue at higher ages compared to the young patients group, but the thickness of the soft tissue increases with age. CONCLUSION: The highest mean thickness of the buccal hard tissue in the maxillary anterior segment was in lateral and central incisors. Also, the most prominent thickness of the labial soft tissue was in the central and lateral incisors at levels close to the crest.

Clinical comparison between Multi-Stranded Wires and Single strand Ribbon wires used for lingual fixed retainers.

BACKGROUND: Long-term retention with fixed retainers with a high success rate seems to be a reasonable solution to minimize or prohibit relapse of orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Two hundred sixty patients between 13 and 30 years old were recruited for this study. The 0.0175 stainless steel twisted wire (G&H Orthodontics, USA) was compared with a single-strand ribbon titanium lingual retainer wire (Retainium, Reliance orthodontics, USA) was used. When treatment was completed, the retainers were bonded from canine to canine in the mandibular arch of the participants. In the follow-up visits, the patients were recalled every 3 months during the 24 months. Detachments, the time of debonding, and side effects were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by a blinded statistician using a statistical package for Social Science (SPSS, Version20). After descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to measure the survival rates of each retainer. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Finally, 138 patients who received twisted wire splint and 112 patients who received ribbon wire were included in the analysis. The average duration of success was about 23 months for twisted wire and ribbon wire, according to the Kaplan-Meier estimates. The analysis showed no significant overall difference between the treatments (p = 0.13). Failure rates in terms of detachments in all groups occurred at the enamel junction, and it was 25 in twisted retainer group (18.1%) and was 10 in ribbon retainer group (8.9%); the Kaplan-Meier analysis test detected a significant difference in the failure rates between the groups (p = 0/006). CONCLUSIONS: Although the conventional twisted stainless steel wire and single-strand titanium flat metal ribbon wire as fixed orthodontic retainers have the same clinical effects, it was shown that the ribbon wire has less failure in terms of detachments.

Anthropometric Facial Changes After Orthognathic Surgery and Their Relation With Oral Health Related Quality of Life.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the impacts of orthognathic surgery on soft tissue on frontal and profile views and their relation with patient's quality of life. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with severe skeletal class III malocclusion who were candidate for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery consisted of 1-piece Lefort I surgery with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy were selected. Oral health was assessed by short from of Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire. Facial anthropometric measurements were conducted before starting any treatment and 6 months after orthognathic surgery according to Farkas anthropometric study. The correlation between facial changes due to treatment and oral health were tested by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scores with regard to genders. Decreased vermilion total upper lip height index correlates positively with feeling difficult to relax. Increasing in medial-lateral cutaneous upper lip height index correlates negatively with dissatisfaction with diet. Increased upper face-face height index correlates positively with feeling uncomfortable to eat any foods and feeling a bit irritable with other people. CONCLUSION: Oral health-related quality of life can be affected not only by the objective aesthetic criterion but also by different factors like their attitude toward aesthetic, surgery side effects.

Decreased bone density induced by antiepileptic drugs can cause accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in male Wistar rats.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the carbamazepine and valproic acid on orthodontic tooth movement in male Wistar rats. METHODS: Evaluation of tooth movement after 21 days of drugs infusion was carried out by feeler gauge. Bone densitometry on lateral cephalograms was conducted on days 1 and 21. After dissection of the maxillae, histologic parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Orthodontic tooth movement was accelerated in experimental groups rather than controls. Optical density was significantly increased in these groups. In histologic sections, mesioapical portion of the PDL (Periodontal Ligament) was wider in experimental groups. Also, distoapical portion of the PDL was wider only in valproic acid group. CONCLUSION: Valproic acid and carbamazepine can decrease the bone density which may induce the accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

Effect of In-Office Carbamide Peroxide-Based Tooth Bleaching System on Wear Resistance of Silorane-Based and Methacrylate-Based Dental Composites.

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have assessed the characteristics and properties of silorane-based composites and adhesive systems. Considering the extensive application of tooth-whitening agents, possible deteriorative effects of tooth bleaching agents on these restorative materials must be studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an in-office carbamide peroxide-based tooth bleaching agent on the wear resistance of a silorane-based and a conventional microhybrid dimethyl methacrylate-based dental composite with two different application times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cylindrical specimens were made of Z250 and P90 dental composite resins (n=15 for each composite). Samples made of each composite were divided into three groups (n=5) for immersion in an in-office bleaching agent (Opalescence® Quick 45%) for either three or eight hours or saline solution (control). Wear tests were conducted after bleaching using a pin-on disk apparatus under the load of 40N at a constant sliding speed of 0.5 ms(-1) for a sliding distance of 300 m. The samples were weighed before and after the wear test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the obtained data (α=0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in the weight of samples after the wear test (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found among groups in the mean weight of samples before and after the wear test (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Bleaching for three or eight hours using 45% carbamide peroxide had no deteriorative effect on the wear resistance of Z250 and P90 composites.

Effect of Fluoxetine Consumption on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats.

OBJECTIVES: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used for depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fluoxetine on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups namely the control group (no medication), saline and fluoxetine dissolved in saline. In all groups, nickel titanium closed-coil spring was used between the left maxillary central incisor and first molar to exert 60g force at 2mm activation. Radiographs were taken at one and 21 days. After 21 days, the rats were sacrificed. The distance between the first and second molar teeth, optical density of bone, periodontal ligament (PDL) width, lacuna length and depth and number of osteoclasts were measured and compared among the groups. RESULTS: Tooth movement significantly increased in the fluoxetine group (P=0.005). No significant differences were found in osteoclast count (P=0.069). The PDL width in the mesioapical region of root was significantly different among the groups (P=0.015). Statistical analysis did not show significant differences in depth or length of lacunae in any examined part of the root (P>0.05). Bone densitometry results showed that in fluoxetine group, density of bone in all four areas (alveolar bone, hard palate, skull and mandibular bone) significantly decreased from day one to day 21 (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that fluoxetine decreased bone density, which resulted in subsequently greater tooth movement in rats; however, further studies are needed on humans.

Oral Impacts on Daily Performance in 20- to 50-yearolds Demanding Dental Care in Tehran, Iran: Association with Clinical Findings and Self-reported Health.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and intensity of oral impacts on daily performance in 20- to 50-year-olds attending the dental clinic at Tehran Dental School and to investigate the association between the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) score, self-reported oral and general health and clinical findings of oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 20- to 50-year-olds attending the dental clinic before receiving any treatments. Data were collected using questionnaire-led interviews and clinical examinations. The questionnaire consisted of a validated questionnaire of the Persian version of the OIDP index, sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported general and oral health of subjects. The number of teeth, prosthetic status and the decayed, missing and filled tooth score (DMFT) were recorded according to WHO criteria. Statistical analyses were performed by Wilcoxon test and linear regression modeling. RESULTS: A total of 499 individuals participated in the study. Among the subjects, 82.6% had experienced one or more oral impacts on their daily activities, and 49.5% of impacts were reported to be of severe or very severe intensity. Eating was the performance most frequently affected (50.1%) followed by smiling (16.2%) and sleeping (11.8%). The OIDP score was higher in the participants with a lower wealth index (P = 0.015) and in those with more decayed teeth (P = 0.013). The association between self-reported oral health and OIDP score was of borderline significance (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Oral health status has an enormous impact on the daily performance of Iranian adults attending the dental care center. More emphasis on oral health care in disadvantaged populations, particularly in countries with a developing oral health system, is required.

Step-by-step full mouth rehabilitation of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient with tooth and implant-supported prostheses: A clinical report.

This clinical report presents a 46-year-old man diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with the chief complaint of masticatory and speech deficiency because of radiation therapy. After a period of controlling post radiation caries, the patient was rehabilitated with tooth and implant supported metal ceramic restorations following surgical and endodontic intervention.