[Effect of the operation and general anesthesia on transcapillary exchange of fluid in the lungs during thoracic surgery]. / Vliianie operatsii i obshchei anestezii na transkapilliarnyi obmen zhidkosti v legkikh pri torakal'nykh vmeshatel'stvakh.

The influence of operation factors and general anesthesia on transcapillary exchange of liquid in the lungs was studied in 48 patients after thoracal interventions, and in 8 patients after general surgical treatment. It was found that operations on the lungs unlike general surgical procedures are characterized by the accumulation of liquid in the pulmonary interstitial tissue especially after extensive resections of lung tissue and during massive infusion-transfusion therapy. This process is influenced by the kind of general anesthesia: transcranial electroanalgesia is followed by less shifts of the transcapillary pulmonary exchange of liquid than fluoroxene narcosis.

[Significance of the arrest of pulmonary circulation in the genesis of postperfusion pulmonary complications in open heart surgery]. / Znachenie ostanovki tsirkuliatsii krovi po malomu krugu v geneze postperfuzionnykh legochnykh oslozhnenii pri operatsiiakh na otkrytom serdtse.

The purpose of the work is to elucidate the importance of pulmonary circulation arrest during extracorporeal circulation in the development of microcirculatory disorders in the pulmonary tissue. Experiments showed that temporary arrest of pulmonary circulation under conditions of extracorporeal circulation is attended by the development of ischemia of the respiratory pulmonary tissue. The systemic blood flow in the arterio-arterial anastomoses between the pulmonary and bronchial arteries is incapable of providing the pulmonary tissue with blood. Ischemia of the parenchyma leads to disorders in the microvessels of the organ, the manifestation of which in the ischemic and postischemic, periods is determined by the duration of the pathologic effect. The data gained indicate the importance of developing methods for the prevention and treatment of ischemic and postischemic pulmonary microcirculatory disorders and determining the safe terms of pulmonary artery ischemia.

[Evaluation of extravascular lung fluid]. / K voprosu ob otsenke vnesosudistoi zhidkosti legkikh.

The possibility of using the thermodilution technique for diagnosis of pulmonary oedema was studied in theoretical model of thermodilution between intra- and extravascular fluid spaces of pulmonary tissue as well as in acute experiments on anesthetized and immobilized dogs with hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. The intensity of thermoindicator diffusion at the "left atrium--aorta" stretch was found to depend on the degree of oedema. The following equation is suggested for calculating the pulmonary extravascular fluid volume: Vev = tev (Qao--Qpa). The thermodilution technique may be used as an independent method for diagnosis of pulmonary oedema.

[Role of pulmonary air embolism in the etiology of cerebral, cardiac and pulmonary complications after operations with artificial blood circulation]. / Rol' vozdushnoi embolii legkikh v geneze mozgovykh, serdechnykh i legochnykh oslozhnenii pri operatsiiakh s iskusstvennym krovoobrashcheniem.

Possible penetration of a considerable volume of air into the lesser circulation when opening the right auricle of the working heart was shown in experiments in 21 dogs. It resulted in blockade of the blood flow along the lesser circulation with a pronounced hemodynamic disturbance, pulmonary edema and penetration of air into the greater circulation vessels and possible embolisation of the latter. The experimental data have confirmed the role of air embolism of lungs in genesis of some cerebral, cardiac and pulmonary complications after operations on the open heart with the artificial blood circulation.

[Ischemic and postischemic disorders of pulmonary microcirculation]. / Ishemicheskie i postishemicheskie narusheniia legochnoi mikrotsirkuliatsii.

The time course of pulmonary microcirculatory disorders was studied in dogs with experimental pulmonary ischemia depending on its duration. With ischemia the lung manifested the growth of deaeration, intravascular aggregation of formed elements of the blood intensified, giving rise to the areas within distinct contours of the vascular pattern. After the recovery of circulation and ventilation in the ischemized lung, intravascular changes were manifested by the delayed corpuscular blood flow, aggregation of formed elements and blood stasis in the microvessels. Meanwhile vascular changes were manifested by variation of the shape and capacity of the microcirculatory bed, as well as by pathologically high microvascular permeability. The intensity of post-ischemic disorders was determined by ischemia duration.

[Vital microscopy of the lung]. / Vital'naia mikroskopiia legkogo.

In order to develop an optimal method for prevital microscopy of the lung, in 12 experiments performed in mongrel dogs advantages of three methods of contact microscopy were compared: dark-field, polarization and fluorescent-absorptive. The results on investigating the lung microstructure and microcirculation demonstrated usefulness of all the three methods. Nevertheless, in order to estimate the lung microstructure and microcirculation, the dark-field method is the most expedient, to reveal the pleural vascular network, the best results are obtained with the fluorescent-absorptive microscopy. It is necessary to fix the part examined under the objective by means of a special fixator-sticker that does not traumatize the lung parenchyma and does not disturb the respiratory microcirculation.