Efficacy and Safety of Additional S-1 Chemotherapy to S-1 Plus Oxaliplatin Regimen Chemotherapy for Stage III Gastric Carcinoma after Radical Resection.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of additional S-1 chemotherapy to S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) regimen chemotherapy for Stage III gastric carcinoma (GC) after radical resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 161 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as Stage III GC after D2 gastrectomy and received SOX regimen adjuvant chemotherapy between January 2012 and April 2016 were included in this retrospective study. SOX regimen postoperative chemotherapy was composed of Oxaliplatin and S-1, administrated every 3 weeks for 8 scheduled courses. After SOX chemotherapy, 76 patients preferred additional chemotherapy with S-1 (the ACT group), while additional S-1 chemotherapy was not given to the other 85 patients (control group). The ACT with S-1 was administrated every 3 weeks for 8 scheduled courses. Treatment was terminated in case of life-threatening adverse events or tumor progression, or patients' demand for termination. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: ACT group obtained markedly improved 3-year PFS [p = 0.04; hazard ratio (HR) for disease progression, 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.98] and OS than the control group (p = 0.0469; HR for death, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32-0.99). No chemotherapy-related mortality occurred. Patients of the ACT group suffered more common and severer hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Additional S-1 chemotherapy may be helpful for improving the disease progression and survival for patients with Stage III GC after radical resection with an acceptable safety profile.

Understanding the influence of carrageenan oligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides on ice-crystal growth in peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during frozen storage.

Cryoprotective saccharides are widely accepted antifreeze additives that reduce thawing loss, maintain texture, and retard protein denaturation in frozen seafood. In this study, the inhibition effects of carrageenan oligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides on ice-crystal growth in peeled whiteleg shrimp were investigated and compared with sodium pyrophosphate treatment during frozen storage, especially the interactions between oligosaccharide molecules and ice crystals. The tissue microstructural results demonstrated that the fibers of shrimp muscle tissues from carrageenan oligosaccharide- and xylooligosaccharide-treated groups were arranged in a more tighter manner than those with sodium pyrophosphate treatment after 8 weeks of storage, which indicated that soaking in oligosaccharide solutions prior to freezing markedly slowed the damage caused to muscle tissues by large ice crystals. Ice-growth inhibition might play an important role in the cryoprotection of frozen shrimp. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed that oligosaccharides were generally close to the ice surface and embedded in ice layers via hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions. The oligosaccharide-basal ice complex (ice-crystal structure) was partially destroyed, and some dislocation and disaggregation were observed around the oligosaccharide molecules. Thus, the incorporated oligosaccharides suppressed the growth of ice crystals, providing protection from freeze-induced damage. Overall, by comparing the experimental results to those from the MD simulations, a significant positive correlation existed between the oligosaccharides and ice-growth inhibition in shrimp muscle. These findings help better understand the cryoprotective mechanisms of oligosaccharides in frozen shrimp, and these two oligosaccharides may be potentially used as ice-growth inhibitors in seafood to maintain better quality during frozen storage.

[Research on the quantitative analysis of D2 using Raman spectroscopy].

Raman spectroscopy was used for experimental research on D2 signal to noise ratio (SNR) under different conditions. The 32 mW Ar+ laser was injected into the Raman quartz glass cells to study the effect of grating, laser power, exposure time and the gas pressure on D2 Raman spectra SNR. D2 Raman spectral signal to noise ratio is proportional to the laser power, exposure time and gas pressure. The standard curve of the pressure and SNR for this experimental apparatus was obtained. Three sets of random samples were used to verify the formula SNR(J 2 --> 2) = 10.6 x 10(-4) p+1.271 34. When the deuterium pressure is 21 280 Pa, the relative error is 4.8%. When the pressure increases to 67 235 Pa, the relative error is down to 1.46%.