Discovery, disassembly, depolymerization and derivatization of catechyl lignin in Chinese tallow seed coats.

The search for feedstock of catechyl lignin (C-lignin) is great interest and importance, as C-lignin featuring homogeneity and linearity is considered as an "ideal lignin" archetype for valorization and exits in only a few plant seed coats. In this study, naturally occurring C-lignin is first discovered in the seed coats of Chinese tallow, which has the highest content of C-lignin (15.4 wt%) as compared with other known feedstocks. An optimized extraction procedure by ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) enables the complete disassembly of C-lignin and G/S-lignin coexisted in Chinese tallow seed coats, and characterizations revealed that the as-separated C-lignin sample is abundant in benzodioxane units with no observation of ß-O-4 structures from G/S-lignin. Catalytic depolymerization of C-lignin results in a simplex catechol product in 129 mg per gram seed coats, being higher than other reported feedstocks. Derivatizing the "black" C-lignin via the nucleophilic isocyanation of benzodioxane γ-OH leads to a "whitened C-lignin" with uniform laminar structure and excellent crystallization ability, being conducive to fabricating functional materials. Overall, this contribution showed that Chinses tallow seed coats are suitable feedstock for acquiring C-lignin biopolymer.

The selective production of jet fuel range alkanes via the catalytic upgrading of palmitic acid over Co/HMCM-49 catalysts.

The complete deoxygenation of palmitic acid followed by simultaneous hydro-isomerization and appropriate hydrocracking were achieved over Co/HMCM-49 bi-functional catalysts with the special structure of 12 MR cups and a low Si/Al ratio. This offered new insights into the design of bi-functional catalysts for carbon rearrangements during the upgrading of palmitic acid to jet fuel range alkanes.