The effectiveness of mind-body approaches for enhancing resilience in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Resilience in older adults is associated with good well-being and resilience training has been shown to be beneficial. Mind-body approaches (MBAs) combine physical and psychological training in age-appropriate exercise programs.This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different modes of MBAs in enhancing resilience in older adults. METHOD: Electronic databases and a manual search were searched to identify randomized controlled trials of different MBA modes. Data from the included studies were extracted for fixed-effect pairwise meta-analyses. Quality and risk were assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool, respectively. Pooled effect sizes with a standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to quantify the impact of MBAs in enhancing resilience in older adults. Network meta-analysis was employed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different interventions. The study was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No. CRD42022352269). RESULTS: Nine studies were included in our analysis. Pairwise comparisons indicated that MBAs, regardless of whether they were related to yoga, could significantly enhancing resilience in older adults (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.44). With strong consistency, a network meta-analysis showed that physical and psychological programs and yoga-related programs were associated with resilience improvement (SMD: 0.44, 95% CI 0.01-0.88 and SMD: 0.42, 95% CI 0.06-0.79, respectively). CONCLUSION: High quality evidence demonstrates that two MBA modes-physical and psychological programs and yoga-related programs-enhance resilience in older adults. However, long-term clinical verification is required to confirm our results.

Effects of a preoperative individualized exercise program on selected recovery variables for cardiac surgery patients: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Research on preoperative individualized exercise prescription (PIEP) for heart surgery patients in Taiwan is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of a PIEP in the Taiwanese population. METHOD: A quasi-experimental design, using purposive sampling, was conducted. Thirty-five patients were recruited, of whom 15 chose to participate in the experimental (PIEP training plus usual care) group, and 20 chose to participate in the control (usual care) group. The effects of the intervention were determined by pulmonary complication-related parameters and quality of life. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The development and process of PIEPs suitable for cardiac patients was described in this study. The results reveal that the two-week exercise-training program contributed to a decreased peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER) after the surgery and earlier ambulation. The effectiveness of PIEPs in improving the quality of life in cardiac surgery patients was validated. This study may also contribute as a reference of the PIEP effect on patients to the healthcare providers.