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1.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 2024 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38863118

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe and acute cardiovascular syndrome with high mortality among patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs). Accurate prediction and timely intervention play a pivotal role in enhancing survival rates. However, there is a notable scarcity of practical early prediction and risk assessment systems of PE in patients with AIIRD. METHODS: In the training cohort, 60 AIIRD with PE cases and 180 age-, gender-, and disease-matched AIIRD non-PE cases were identified from 7254 AIIRD cases in Tongji Hospital from 2014 to 2022. Univariable logistic regression (LR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to select the clinical features for further training with machine learning (ML) methods, including random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), neural network (NN), logistic regression (LR), gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT), classification and regression trees (CART), and C5.0 models. The performances of these models were subsequently validated using a multicenter validation cohort. RESULTS: In the training cohort, 24 and 13 clinical features were selected by univariable LR and LASSO strategies, respectively. The five ML models (RF, SVM, NN, LR, and GBDT) showed promising performances, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.962-1.000 in the training cohort and 0.969-0.999 in the validation cohort. CART and C5.0 models achieved AUCs of 0.850 and 0.932, respectively, in the training cohort. Using D-dimer as a pre-screening index, the refined C5.0 model achieved an AUC exceeding 0.948 in the training cohort and an AUC above 0.925 in the validation cohort. These results markedly outperformed the use of D-dimer levels alone. CONCLUSION: ML-based models are proven to be precise for predicting the onset of PE in patients with AIIRD exhibiting clinical suspicion of PE. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR2200059599.

2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 333: 118422, 2024 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38838922

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese herbal medicine Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer has a long history in clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Total saponins of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer (TSPJs) were extracted from the root of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, and its anti-rheumatism mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate whether TSPJs attenuated synovial angiogenesis in RA and explore the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Potential TSPJs targets involving gene function were predicted by network pharmacology related databases. Bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking technology were used to predict the mechanism of TSPJs in the treatment of RA. The predicted results were validated by cell experiments and a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis results showed that TSPJs may inhibit RA-related angiogenesis through the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. In vitro, different doses of TSPJs showed a good inhibitory effect on the tube formation of EA.hy926 cells. The results of the cellular thermal shift assay indicated that TSPJs can bind to the HIF-1α, VEGFA, and angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) proteins. In vivo, the administration of TSPJs alleviated the symptoms of CIA mice, including the arthritis index, hind paw thickness, and swollen joint count. The histological results demonstrated that TSPJs inhibited inflammation, angiogenesis, bone damage, and cartilage destruction. Furthermore, TSPJs decreased the number of vessels and the expression level of CD31. The mechanistic results revealed that TSPJs decreased the expression of HIF-1α, VEGFA, and ANG-1 in the serum or synovial tissues of CIA mice. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that TSPJs effectively inhibit angiogenesis in RA, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGF/ANG-1 axis.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese , Angiopoietina-1 , Artrite Experimental , Artrite Reumatoide , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia , Panax , Saponinas , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Animais , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Saponinas/farmacologia , Saponinas/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Panax/química , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Humanos , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Angiopoietina-1/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/química
3.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 23(1): 37, 2023 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36747185

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: A multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) model was used to evaluate the benefits and risks of traditional Chinese medicine preparations of sinomenine alone or in combination with conventional drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to provide a basis for the rational clinical application of sinomenine. METHODS: A study search was performed using six major databases, and Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis. Then, an MCDA model evaluation system was established for the treatment of RA with sinomenine preparations, and the benefit values, risk values, and total benefit-risk values of sinomenine preparations alone or in combination with conventional drugs were calculated using Hiview 3.2 software. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were performed using Crystal Ball embedded in Excel software to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and the probability of the differences between the 2 drug regimens was determined to optimize the evaluation results. RESULTS: Forty-four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Quantitative assessment of the MCDA model showed that the sinomenine preparation alone offered less benefits than when combined with conventional drugs with a benefit difference of 20 (95% CI 3.06, 35.71). However, the risk of the combination was significantly lower with a risk difference of 13(95% CI -10.26, 27.52). The total value of the benefit-risk of sinomenine alone and in combination with conventional drugs was 46 and 53 at 60% and 40% of the benefit-risk ratio of the two dosing regimens, respectively, with a difference of 7 (95% CI -4.26, 22.12). The probability that the comprehensive score of the combined regimen is greater than that of sinomenine alone is 90.1%, and the evaluation was steady. CONCLUSION: The benefit-risk of the combined application regimen of sinomenine is greater than that of sinomenine alone.


Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Medição de Risco
4.
Water Sci Technol ; 86(7): 1733-1744, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36240308

RESUMO

Membrane-free electrodeionization (MFEDI) technology involves in situ electric regeneration of ion exchange resin, and is used to efficiently purify copper-containing wastewater, so that both the wastewater and copper may be reused. The electrode is the core functional component of a MFEDI system. Electrode-selection greatly influences the electric regeneration efficiency, water recovery and energy consumption of MFEDI processes. In this study, a graphene composite electrode was developed to improve MFEDI-system performance. A graphene composite electrode and conventional platinum-plated titanium electrode were both characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical testing. Furthermore, the treatment and electrical regeneration properties of MFEDI systems with these two electrodes were investigated. The specific surface area of the electrode increased after graphene loading, while the oxygen evolution potential decreased. Wastewater treatment experiments demonstrated that MFEDI systems with graphene composite electrodes effectively removed copper from wastewater. The study also highlighted that the electroregeneration efficiency of the MFEDI system was improved by loading with graphene; the average copper concentration in the regeneration solution increased by 1.4 times to 50.4 mg/L, while the energy consumption decreased from 1.55 to 1.48 kWh/m3, and the water recovery rate increased from 85 to 90%.


Assuntos
Grafite , Águas Residuárias , Cobre/química , Eletrodos , Grafite/química , Resinas de Troca Iônica , Oxigênio , Platina , Titânio/química , Águas Residuárias/química , Água
5.
Environ Technol ; 43(3): 431-442, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32633671

RESUMO

Electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation has high oxidation abilities and is widely used in the treatment of biorefractory and chemically refractory organic wastewater. However, it generates a large amount of iron sludge, which limits large-scale application. In this work, the comparative study of EF oxidation and anodic oxidation (AO) of the secondary effluent of petrochemical wastewater using boron doped diamond anode is carried out. In EF oxidation, the effects of Fe2+ concentration, pH value, and current density are investigated. The optimal conditions consist of the following: Fe2+ concentration of 1.5 mmol·L-1, pH of 4, and current density of 10 mA·cm-2. In AO process, the effect of adding SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, and CO32- is investigated; the optimal conditions can be obtained by adding a Na2SO4 solution (0.075 mol·L-1). When compared with AO, although EF oxidation has a higher treatment efficiency, its energy consumption is higher, and the generated effluent (with 155 g of iron sludge·m-3) dramatically increases the post-treatment cost, thereby limiting its large-scale application. For AO with Na2SO4 solution (0.075 mol·L-1) and a COD removal efficiency of 70%, the corresponding treatment time is 1.34 h and the energy consumption is 2.44 kWh·m-3.


Assuntos
Águas Residuárias , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Diamante , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Eletrodos , Eletrólitos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Oxirredução , Águas Residuárias/análise
6.
Cell Rep Med ; 1(4): 100056, 2020 07 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33205063

RESUMO

Fibrosis, or the accumulation of extracellular matrix, is a common feature of many chronic diseases. To interrogate core molecular pathways underlying fibrosis, we cross-examine human primary cells from various tissues treated with TGF-ß, as well as kidney and liver fibrosis models. Transcriptome analyses reveal that genes involved in fatty acid oxidation are significantly perturbed. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and acylcarnitine accumulation are found in fibrotic tissues. Substantial downregulation of the PGC1α gene is evident in both in vitro and in vivo fibrosis models, suggesting a common node of metabolic signature for tissue fibrosis. In order to identify suppressors of fibrosis, we carry out a compound library phenotypic screen and identify AMPK and PPAR as highly enriched targets. We further show that pharmacological treatment of MK-8722 (AMPK activator) and MK-4074 (ACC inhibitor) reduce fibrosis in vivo. Altogether, our work demonstrate that metabolic defect is integral to TGF-ß signaling and fibrosis.


Assuntos
Fibrose/genética , Fibrose/metabolismo , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Adenilato Quinase/metabolismo , Animais , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/patologia , Expressão Gênica/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Humanos , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Especificidade de Órgãos/genética , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais , Transcriptoma/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo
7.
Water Sci Technol ; 82(4): 773-786, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32970628

RESUMO

Petrochemical wastewater is difficult to process because of various types of pollutants with high toxicity. With the improvement in the national discharge standard, traditional biochemical treatment methods may not meet the standards and further advanced treatment techniques would be required. In this study, electrochemical oxidation with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode as post-treatment was carried out for the treatment of real biotreated petrochemical wastewater. The effects of current density, pH value, agitation rate, and anode materials on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and current efficiency were studied. The results revealed the appropriate conditions to be a current density of 10 mA·cm-2, a pH value of 3, and an agitation rate of 400 rpm. Moreover, as compared with the graphite electrode, the BDD electrode had a higher oxidation efficiency and COD removal efficiency. Furthermore, GC-MS was used to analyze the final degradation products, in which ammonium chloride, formic acid, acetic acid, and malonic acid were detected. Finally, the energy consumption was estimated to be 6.24 kWh·m-3 with a final COD of 30.2 mg·L-1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 without the addition of extra substances. This study provides an alternative for the upgrading of petrochemical wastewater treatment plants.


Assuntos
Diamante , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Boro , Eletrodos , Cinética , Oxirredução , Águas Residuárias/análise
8.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 88: 106920, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32871476

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the methodological, reporting and evidence quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We comprehensively searched the literature in numerous databases from inception to July 29th, 2020. Two appraisers collected data and assessed the methodological and reporting quality of the included reviews by revised A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) tool and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA), respectively. The level of evidence quality was evaluated by employing the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) scale. RESULTS: Eleven relevant articles were collected. The results from AMSTAR-2 showed that the methodological quality of all included reviews was critically low; no authors met the standard of those critical domains (0%), particularly in item 2, item 4 and item 7. The PRISMA scores ranged from 16.5 to 25, and one meta-analysis almost conformed to the PRISMA structure. According to GRADE, the 11 studies included 59 outcomes: 27 had very low quality, 22 had low quality, 10 had moderate quality, and none had high quality evidence. The most prominent downgrading factors were risk of bias, followed by publication bias, inconsistency, imprecision, and indirectness. CONCLUSIONS: Although included studies summarized that TGP was effective and safe in the treatment of RA, the methodological and reporting quality and the quality of evidence was poor overall; decision-makers should be prudent when using TGP in treating RA patients. High-quality and multicenter studies investigating TGP for RA are urgently needed.


Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Paeonia , Fitoterapia , Humanos , Metanálise como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
9.
Science ; 365(6451): 386-392, 2019 07 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31273070

RESUMO

Ceramides contribute to the lipotoxicity that underlies diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and heart disease. By genetically engineering mice, we deleted the enzyme dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (DES1), which normally inserts a conserved double bond into the backbone of ceramides and other predominant sphingolipids. Ablation of DES1 from whole animals or tissue-specific deletion in the liver and/or adipose tissue resolved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice caused by leptin deficiency or obesogenic diets. Mechanistic studies revealed ceramide actions that promoted lipid uptake and storage and impaired glucose utilization, none of which could be recapitulated by (dihydro)ceramides that lacked the critical double bond. These studies suggest that inhibition of DES1 may provide a means of treating hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders.


Assuntos
Ceramidas/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/genética , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Oxirredutases/genética , Animais , Ceramidas/química , Ceramidas/genética , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Deleção de Genes , Leptina/deficiência , Camundongos , Camundongos Mutantes , Esfingolipídeos/química , Esfingolipídeos/metabolismo
10.
Plant Signal Behav ; 14(9): 1632688, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31230564

RESUMO

Piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, has a wide host range and promotes the performance of mono- and eudicot plants. Here, we compare the interaction of P. indica with the roots of seven host plants (Anthurium andraeanum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica campestris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oncidium orchid, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays). Microscopical analyses showed that the colonization time and the mode of hyphal invasion into the roots differ in the symbiotic interactions. Substantial differences between the species were also observed for the levels and accumulation of jasmonate (JA) and gibberellin (GA) and the transcript levels for genes involved in their syntheses. No obvious correlation could be detected between the endogenous JA and/or GA levels and the time point of root colonization in a given plant species. Our results suggest that root colonization strategies and changes in the two phytohormone levels are highly host-specific.


Assuntos
Basidiomycota/fisiologia , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Plantas/microbiologia , Basidiomycota/efeitos dos fármacos , Vias Biossintéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Vias Biossintéticas/genética , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Especificidade de Hospedeiro/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/citologia , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas/genética , Fatores de Tempo
11.
PLoS One ; 14(2): e0211568, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30811418

RESUMO

Physical activity promotes metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits that derive in part from the transcriptional responses to exercise that occur within skeletal muscle and other organs. There is interest in discovering a pharmacologic exercise mimetic that could imbue wellness and alleviate disease burden. However, the molecular physiology by which exercise signals the transcriptional response is highly complex, making it challenging to identify a single target for pharmacological mimicry. The current studies evaluated the transcriptome responses in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and white and brown adipose to novel small molecule activators of AMPK (pan-activators for all AMPK isoforms) compared to that of exercise. A striking level of congruence between exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation was observed across the induced transcriptome of these five tissues. However, differences in acute metabolic response between exercise and pharmacologic AMPK activation were observed, notably for acute glycogen balances and related to the energy expenditure induced by exercise but not pharmacologic AMPK activation. Nevertheless, intervention with repeated daily administration of short-acting activation of AMPK was found to mitigate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in four rodent models of metabolic disease and without the cardiac glycogen accretion noted with sustained pharmacologic AMPK activation. These findings affirm that activation of AMPK is a key node governing exercise mediated transcription and is an attractive target as an exercise mimetic.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Animais , Metabolismo Energético , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Homeostase , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Oxirredução , Condicionamento Físico Animal
12.
JCI Insight ; 3(1)2018 01 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29321379

RESUMO

Hypoglycemia is commonly associated with insulin therapy, limiting both its safety and efficacy. The concept of modifying insulin to render its glucose-responsive release from an injection depot (of an insulin complexed exogenously with a recombinant lectin) was proposed approximately 4 decades ago but has been challenging to achieve. Data presented here demonstrate that mannosylated insulin analogs can undergo an additional route of clearance as result of their interaction with endogenous mannose receptor (MR), and this can occur in a glucose-dependent fashion, with increased binding to MR at low glucose. Yet, these analogs retain capacity for binding to the insulin receptor (IR). When the blood glucose level is elevated, as in individuals with diabetes mellitus, MR binding diminishes due to glucose competition, leading to reduced MR-mediated clearance and increased partitioning for IR binding and consequent glucose lowering. These studies demonstrate that a glucose-dependent locus of insulin clearance and, hence, insulin action can be achieved by targeting MR and IR concurrently.


Assuntos
Glucose/metabolismo , Hipoglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Insulina/farmacologia , Animais , Antígenos CD , Glicemia , Linhagem Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Lectinas Tipo C/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Macrófagos , Masculino , Receptor de Manose , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Ratos , Receptor de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/efeitos dos fármacos
13.
PLoS One ; 12(9): e0182810, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28877180

RESUMO

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a platform to measure blood glucose (BG) levels continuously in real time with high enough resolution to document their underlying fluctuations. Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis has been proposed as a measure of time-series complexity, and when applied to clinical CGM data, MSE analysis revealed that diabetic patients have lower MSE complexity in their BG time series than healthy subjects. To determine if the clinical observations on complexity of glucose dynamics can be back-translated to relevant preclinical species used routinely in diabetes drug discovery, we performed CGM in both mouse (ob/ob) and rat (Zucker Diabetic Fatty, ZDF) models of diabetes. We demonstrate that similar to human data, the complexity of glucose dynamics is also decreased in diabetic mice and rats. We show that low complexity of glucose dynamics is not simply a reflection of high glucose values, but rather reflective of the underlying disease state (i.e. diabetes). Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that the complexity of glucose fluctuations in ZDF rats, as probed by MSE analysis, is decreased prior to the onset of overt diabetes, although complexity undergoes further decline during the transition to frank diabetes. Our study suggests that MSE could serve as a novel biomarker for the progression to diabetes and that complexity studies in preclinical models could offer a new paradigm for early differentiation, and thereby, selection of appropriate clinical candidate molecules to be tested in human clinical trials.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Animais , Entropia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Zucker , Magreza/sangue
14.
J Lipid Res ; 58(8): 1561-1578, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28583918

RESUMO

GPR40 and GPR120 are fatty acid sensors that play important roles in glucose and energy homeostasis. GPR40 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion and demonstrated in clinical studies robust glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. GPR120 improves insulin sensitivity in rodents, albeit its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we postulated that the antidiabetic efficacy of GPR40 could be enhanced by coactivating GPR120. A combination of GPR40 and GPR120 agonists in db/db mice, as well as a single molecule with dual agonist activities, achieved superior glycemic control compared with either monotherapy. Compared with a GPR40 selective agonist, the dual agonist improved insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, preserved islet morphology, and increased expression of several key lipolytic genes in adipose tissue of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Novel insights into the mechanism of action for GPR120 were obtained. Selective GPR120 activation suppressed lipolysis in primary white adipocytes, although this effect was attenuated in adipocytes from obese rats and obese rhesus, and sensitized the antilipolytic effect of insulin in rat and rhesus primary adipocytes. In conclusion, GPR120 agonism enhances insulin action in adipose tissue and yields a synergistic efficacy when combined with GPR40 agonism.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Lipólise , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/fisiopatologia , Lipólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas
15.
SAGE Open Med ; 5: 2050312117700057, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28491305

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Despite the widespread use of the mouse transverse aortic constriction heart failure model, there are no reports on the characterization of the standard-of-care agent carvedilol in this model. METHODS: Left ventricular pressure overload was produced in mice by transverse aortic constriction between the innominate and left common carotid arteries. Carvedilol was administered at multiple dose levels (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day per os; yielding end-study mean plasma concentrations of 0.002, 0.015 and 0.044 µM, respectively) in a therapeutic design protocol with treatment initiated after the manifestation of left ventricular remodeling at 3 weeks post transverse aortic constriction and continued for 10 weeks. RESULTS: Carvedilol treatment in transverse aortic constriction mice significantly decreased heart rate and left ventricular dP/dt (max) at all dose levels consistent with ß-adrenoceptor blockade. The middle dose of carvedilol significantly decreased left ventricular weight, whereas the higher dose decreased total heart, left and right ventricular weight and wet lung weight compared to untreated transverse aortic constriction mice. The higher dose of carvedilol significantly increased cardiac performance as measured by ejection fraction and fractional shortening and decreased left ventricular end systolic volume consistent with the beneficial effect on cardiac function. End-study plasma sST-2 and Gal-3 levels did not differ among sham, transverse aortic constriction control and transverse aortic constriction carvedilol groups. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations were elevated significantly in transverse aortic constriction control animals (~150%) compared to shams in association with changes in ejection fraction and heart weight and tended to decrease (~30%, p = 0.10-0.12) with the mid- and high-dose carvedilol treatment. CONCLUSION: A comparison of carvedilol hemodynamic and structural effects in the mouse transverse aortic constriction model versus clinical use indicates a strong agreement in effect profiles preclinical versus clinical, providing important translational validation for this widely used animal model. The present plasma brain natriuretic peptide biomarker findings support the measurement of plasma natriuretic peptides in the mouse transverse aortic constriction model to extend the translational utility of the model.

16.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods ; 84: 93-101, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27956205

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC) is a widely-used model of pressure overload-induced heart failure. An intrinsic limitation of the model is variability in the response to pressure overload even when employing a standard severity of stenosis. Few literature studies have explicitly reported the use of entry criteria or early predictors to mitigate variability and enrich outcomes in this model. METHODS: Eleven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice underwent TAC or sham surgery. Left ventricular (LV) function and dimensions were assessed by M-mode echocardiography at baseline (pre) and 3, 9 and 12weeks post-procedure (end-study). At 24h post-procedure, transverse aortic flow velocities were obtained for estimating trans-TAC pressure gradients. Invasive LV hemodynamic assessments were performed and terminal heart and lung weights obtained at end-study. RESULTS: TAC mice displayed early development of LV hypertrophy and wall thickening followed by the later development of LV chamber dilation, and progressive development of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The use of a pre-defined trans-TAC pressure gradient criterion of 45-60mmHg did not affect end-study organ weight, echocardiographic and invasive hemodynamic outcomes. A post-hoc receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis identified early 3week echocardiographic measures of LVmass(echo) and ejection fraction, with threshold changes of ~+30% and -10% normalized to baseline respectively, as good predictors for multiple end-study organ weight, echocardiographic and invasive hemodynamic outcomes. DISCUSSION: This ROC analysis has identified early predictive threshold changes which may serve, alone or in combination, as entry criteria to enrich outcome in this model.


Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Animais , Constrição , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Distribuição Aleatória , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia
17.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab ; 311(6): E911-E921, 2016 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27651111

RESUMO

Aberrant regulation of glucose production makes a critical contribution to the impaired glycemic control that is observed in type 2 diabetes. Although isotopic tracer methods have proven to be informative in quantifying the magnitude of such alterations, it is presumed that one must rely on venous access to administer glucose tracers which therein presents obstacles for the routine application of tracer methods in rodent models. Since intraperitoneal injections are readily used to deliver glucose challenges and/or dose potential therapeutics, we hypothesized that this route could also be used to administer a glucose tracer. The ability to then reliably estimate glucose flux would require attention toward setting a schedule for collecting samples and choosing a distribution volume. For example, glucose production can be calculated by multiplying the fractional turnover rate by the pool size. We have taken a step-wise approach to examine the potential of using an intraperitoneal tracer administration in rat and mouse models. First, we compared the kinetics of [U-13C]glucose following either an intravenous or an intraperitoneal injection. Second, we tested whether the intraperitoneal method could detect a pharmacological manipulation of glucose production. Finally, we contrasted a potential application of the intraperitoneal method against the glucose-insulin clamp. We conclude that it is possible to 1) quantify glucose production using an intraperitoneal injection of tracer and 2) derive a "glucose production index" by coupling estimates of basal glucose production with measurements of fasting insulin concentration; this yields a proxy for clamp-derived assessments of insulin sensitivity of endogenous production.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Indicadores e Reagentes , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Isótopos de Carbono , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Feminino , Técnica Clamp de Glucose , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Injeções Intravenosas , Resistência à Insulina , Cinética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos , Projetos Piloto , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Zucker , Rosiglitazona , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologia
18.
Obesity (Silver Spring) ; 24(9): 1938-45, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27458076

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery induces weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance; one aspect of both is an amelioration of hepatic steatosis. This study was undertaken to assess the changes in the hepatic lipidome after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. METHODS: A DJB surgical model was developed and characterized in diet-induced obese mice. In comparison with sham-operated mice, an unbiased lipidomic profiling of hepatic lipids was performed together with measurements of gene expression within key pathways of hepatic lipid metabolism. RESULTS: In the liver of DJB mice, a dramatic reduction (by 77%) in hepatic triacylglycerols was observed. Global lipidomic profiling identified marked decreases of triacylglycerols comprised of medium length fatty acids and with low double bond content. Specific diacylglycerol species were also among the most dramatic decreases in hepatic lipids, whereas lysophosphatidic acids and phosphatidic acids were increased. Expression of fatty acid transporter and lipogenic genes was down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: From in-depth analysis of hepatic lipid composition, specific lipid intermediates were identified that are preferentially changed following DJB surgery. These changes were most likely due to DJB-induced weight loss, and only further studies will be able to distinguish weight loss-dependent from weight loss-independent changes.


Assuntos
Duodeno/cirurgia , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Jejuno/cirurgia , Animais , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Glicemia/metabolismo , Fígado Gorduroso/cirurgia , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Masculino , Camundongos
19.
Drug Metab Dispos ; 44(3): 428-34, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26712818

RESUMO

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor anacetrapib exhibits a long terminal half-life (t½) in humans; however, the dispositional mechanisms that lead to this long t½ are still being elucidated. As it is hypothesized that disposition into adipose tissue and binding to CETP might play a role, we sought to delineate the relative importance of these factors using a preclinical animal model. A multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study was conducted in C57BL6 wild-type (WT) lean, WT diet-induced obese (DIO), natural flanking region (NFR) CETP-transgenic lean, and NFR-DIO mice. Mice were dosed orally with 10 mg/kg anacetrapib daily for 42 days. Drug concentrations in blood, brown and white adipose tissue, liver, and brain were measured up to 35 weeks postdose. During dosing, a 3- to 9-fold accumulation in 72-hour postdose blood concentrations of anacetrapib was observed. Drug concentrations in white adipose tissue accumulated ∼20- to 40-fold, whereas 10- to 17-fold accumulation occurred in brown adipose and approximately 4-fold in liver. Brain levels were very low (<0.1 µM), and a trend of accumulation was not seen. The presence of CETP as well as adiposity seems to play a role in determining the blood concentrations of anacetrapib. The highest blood concentrations were observed in NFR DIO mice, whereas the lowest concentrations were seen in WT lean mice. In adipose and liver tissue, higher concentrations were seen in DIO mice, irrespective of the presence of CETP. This finding suggests that white adipose tissue serves as a potential depot and that disposition into adipose tissue governs the long-term kinetics of anacetrapib in vivo.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/metabolismo , Oxazolidinonas/metabolismo , Animais , Dieta , Cinética , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/metabolismo
20.
Mol Endocrinol ; 29(9): 1243-53, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26218441

RESUMO

Better understanding how glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) promotes pancreatic ß-cell function and/or mass may uncover new treatment for type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the effect of GLP-1 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. miRNA levels in INS-1 cells and isolated rodent and human islets treated with GLP-1 in vitro and in vivo (with osmotic pumps) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The role of miRNAs on insulin secretion was studied by transfecting INS-1 cells with either precursors or antisense inhibitors of miRNAs. Among the 250 miRNAs surveyed, miR-132 and miR-212 were significantly up-regulated by GLP-1 by greater than 2-fold in INS-1 832/3 cells, which were subsequently reproduced in freshly isolated rat, mouse, and human islets, as well as the islets from GLP-1 infusion in vivo in mice. The inductions of miR-132 and miR-212 by GLP-1 were correlated with cAMP production and were blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 but not affected by the exchange protein activated by cAMP activator 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM. GLP-1 failed to increase miR-132 or miR-212 expression levels in the 832/13 line of INS-1 cells, which lacks robust cAMP and insulin responses to GLP-1 treatment. Overexpression of miR-132 or miR-212 significantly enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in both 832/3 and 832/13 cells, and restored insulin responses to GLP-1 in INS-1 832/13 cells. GLP-1 increases the expression of miRNAs 132 and 212 via a cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent pathway in pancreatic ß-cells. Overexpression of miR-132 or miR-212 enhances glucose and GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion.


Assuntos
Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/farmacologia , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , AMP Cíclico/análogos & derivados , AMP Cíclico/biossíntese , AMP Cíclico/genética , AMP Cíclico/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inibidores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/citologia , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , MicroRNAs/genética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia
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