Homeobox A5 activates p53 pathway to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of adrenocortical carcinoma cells by inducing Aldo-Keto reductase family 1 member B10 expression.

Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 (AKR1B10) and Homeobox A5 (HOXA5) are both down-regulated in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), and HOXA5 is predicted to bind to the promoter of AKR1B10. We aimed to investigate whether HOXA5 could bind to AKR1B10 to regulate ACC cells proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of AKR1B10 and HOXA5 in ACC patients and the relationship of their expression between ACC prognosis were evaluated by searching database. Then, NCI-H295R cells were overexpressed to detect the alteration of cell proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of p53 and p21 proteins. The interaction between AKR1B10 and HOXA5 was validated by luciferase report and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, NCI-H295R cells were silenced with HOXA5 in the presence of AKR1B10 overexpression, and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were also assessed. Results revealed that AKR1B10 and HOXA5 are down-regulated in ACC patients and the low expression of it is correlated with low percent of overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Compared with Y1 cells, SW-13 and NCI-H295R cells exerted lower expression of AKR1B10 and HOXA5. AKR1B10 significantly inhibited cell viability, colony formation and expression of Ki67 and PCNA, but promoted apoptosis and expression of p53 and p21 in NCI-H295R cells. HOXA5 could interact with AKR1B10 and enhance AKR1B10 expression. Furthermore, HOXA5 knockdown obviously blocked the effect of AKR1B10 overexpression on NCI-H295R cells proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, HOXA5 could bind to AKR1B10 promotor to increase its expression, activate p53 signaling, thereby inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of ACC cells.

Misplacement of the tunnel hemodialysis catheter through the left jugular vein to the azygos vein: A case report.

RATIONALE: The percutaneous catheterization of central veins is widely applied in patients with end-stage renal diseases as a permanent vascular access. To our knowledge, inadvertent placement of a hemodialysis catheter into the azygos vein through the left internal jugular vein is not described. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 72-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital for replacement of another new tunneled hemodialysis catheter due to poor flow in the left internal jugular vein tunneled catheter during hemodialysis. DIAGNOSIS: The catheter tip was incorrectly positioned into the azygos vein as confirmed by conventional anteroposterior and lateral chest radiographs. INTERVENTIONS: The catheter was removed and replaced under Digital Subtraction Angiography. OUTCOMES: The catheter tip was finally placed in the proper position. LESSIONS: The insertion of central vein catheterization is not always in suitable position especially through left jugular vein in hemodialysis patients. DSA technology should be performed to confirm the correct position of the tip and to ensure good blood flow.

Effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D (3) on the expressions of vitamin D receptor, STAT5 and cytoskeletal rearrangement in human monocytes incubated with sera from type 2 diabetes patients and diabetic nephropathy patients with uremia.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus human recombinant interleukin-15 (IL-15) on expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and STAT5, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in human monocytes incubated with sera from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients and diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients with uremia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral sera were isolated from healthy volunteers (control group, T2DM patients and DN uremic non-dialysis patients). After incubation with or without 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), THP-1 monocytes were treated with LPS plus IL-15 prior to the collection of cells and supernatants. VDR mRNA transcription was examined by RT-PCR, whilst THP-1 monocytic VDR, STAT5 and p-STAT5 expressions were investigated by Western blotting. Concentrations of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in supernatants were assessed by ELISA. Immunofluorescence and a laser confocal microscopy was used to examine the expression of VDR and cytoskeletal proteins. RESULTS: Compared to the normal control, LPS and IL-15 down-regulate monocytic VDR expression in T2DM patients and DN uremic patients, whilst with cytoskeletal rearrangement, they up-regulate p-STAT5 expression as well as IL-6 and MCP-1 activity. Such effects could be in part blocked by 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3). CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) may be related to cytoskeletal proteins, VDR and STAT5 signaling pathway.