RESUMO
It has previously been demonstrated that autophagy and inflammation act synergistically to promote carcinogenesis. However, the precise roles of autophagy in multistep oral carcinogenesis are still unclear, particularly regarding its association with tumor inflammation. The present study established a 4NQOinduced oral cancer mouse model and investigated autophagy status in the multistep process of oral carcinogenesis using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the number of Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) during oral carcinogenesis and the association with autophagy status was also examined. The results revealed that the expression of autophagy biomarkers, including dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase LCB3 (LC3B), p62/SQSTM1 (p62) and Beclin 1 increased during 4NQOinduced carcinogenesis and in human oral cancer. The number of MDSCs and Tregs also increased during oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the expression of LC3B and p62 significantly correlated with the accumulation of MDSCs and the expression of Beclin 1 correlated with the increase of Tregs. These data indicated that autophagy may be activated by the tumor inflammation microenvironment during oral carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/efeitos adversos , Proteína Beclina-1/metabolismo , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/induzido quimicamente , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Análise Serial de Tecidos/métodos , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in multiple biological processes especially human diseases, of which, tumor seems to be one of the most significant. Angiogenesis has been deemed to have a pivotal role in a series of tumor biological behaviors in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis. Emerging evidences suggested that lncRNAs are involved in tumor angiogenesis and lncRNAs have already been verified to be potential biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. This review summarized emerging angiogenesis-related lncRNAs, discussed their mechanisms interacting with cytokines, cancer stem cells, miRNAs and tumor hypoxia microenvironment, and demonstrated if lncRNAs could be new candidate targets of antiangiogenesis therapy.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Neovascularização Patológica/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Carcinogênese/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/terapia , PrognósticoRESUMO
For many cancer types, cancer cells invade into surrounding tissues by collective movement of cell groups that remain connected via cell-cell junctions. This migration is completely distinguished from single-cell migration, in which cancer cells disrupt the tight intercellular junctions and gain a mesenchymal phenotype. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed that collective cell invasion depends on not only cell-intrinsic mechanisms but also on extracellular mechanisms by bidirectional interplay between the tumor cell and the tumor environment. Herein, in this review we discuss the role and underline mechanisms of tumor microenvironment in collective tumor cell invasion, particularly focusing on extracellular matrix remodeling and cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral , Animais , Fenômenos Biofísicos , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/patologia , Movimento Celular , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Proteólise , Transdução de Sinais , Células Estromais/metabolismo , Células Estromais/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate postoperative infection patterns of patients suffering from oral and maxillofacial neoplasms. The risk factors giving rise to postoperative infections were analyzed. Infection bacteria and antibiotic resistance were investigated. METHODS: Fifty-three cases suffering from postoperative infection were selected during 2007.12-2012.12 at the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology. The relationship between infections and factors including patients' sex, age, type of tumor, operation time and methods were evaluated with Excel and SPSS 21.0 software package, putting emphasis on infection bacteria and drug-resistance. RESULTS: Postoperative infection mainly occurred in patients with oral malignant tumors. Operation types and time had important influence on postoperative infection. The infection bacteria included gram-positive (59.5%) and gram-negative ones (40.5%). Streptococcus pyogenes accounted for the majority of G- bacteria, which was very sensitive to ß-lactam antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were multi-drug resistant G- bacteria, which brought difficulties to the treatment of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: Integrant bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test should be performed to choose appropriate antibiotics, and monitor multi-drug resistant bacteria, so as to improve the control rates of postoperative infection.
