Synthesis and Properties of a Bay-Annulated-Indigo Tetramer Based on Low-Cost Spiro[Fluorene-9,9'-Xanthene] Core.

A three-dimensional bay-annulated-indigo (BAI) tetramer has been prepared by appending BAI units onto a low-cost spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX) core. The target compound 4BAI-SFX exhibits strong and broad absorption in the visible region covering the range of 450~700 nm. The electrochemical measurement illuminates the characteristics of a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level and multiple redox states of 4BAI-SFX. These results suggest that 4BAI-SFX should be a selectable electron-transporting material for eco-friendly organic semiconductors.

[Determination of 20 pyrethroid residues in vegetable foods by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 pyrethroid residues in vegetable foods. The samples were extracted by acetone-n-hexane (1:1, v/v), cleaned up by activated charcoal column and quantified by external standard method. The correlation coefficients (r2) of all the 20 pyrethroid pesticides in the range of 0.005-1.0 mg/L were not less than 0.990. The limits of detection (LODs) were 2.0 µ g/kg when signal/noise (S/N) > 3. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 5.0 µ g/kg (S/N > 10). For recovery test, there were three levels (low, medium and high) spiked in 11 matrices. The average recoveries of the method were 75.2%-107% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) were 3.08%-12.1%. The results demonstrated that the method is simple and has specific pretreatment steps. The method is suitable for the screening and confirmation of the 20 pyrethroid pesticides in vegetable foods.

[Determination of 12 bisphenol substances in functional foods by QuEChERS and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrom- etry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 12 bisphenol substances in functional foods (powder, tablet, capsule) was presented. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile containing 1% (v/v) acetic acid followed by further cleaned up using matrix solid-phase disper- sion to remove matrix interferences. The separation of the 12 bisphenol substances was performed on a Thermo Aquasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.0 µm), and determined in the positive and negative MRM modes by MS/MS using matrix-matched external standard method. The results demonstrated that the calibration curves were of good linearity with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N > 3) were in the range of 0.1-0.5 µg/kg and the limits of quantitation (LOQs, S/N > 10) were 0.4-1.7 µg/kg. The recoveries of the 12 bisphenol substances spiked at three levels (2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 µg/kg) in matrix ranged from 60.5% to 116.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 6.8% to 11.2%. The established method is simple, time-saving and sensitive. It can meet the requirements for current regulations while achieving qualitative and quantitative determination of the 12 bisphenol substances in functional foods.

[Determination of metabolite residues of nitrofuran antibiotics in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method was developed for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of five metabolites of nitrofuran antibiotics, including 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 5-morpholino-methyl-3-amino-2-oxazolidinone ( AMOZ ), semicarbazide ( SEM ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (DNSH) in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were hydrolyzed with HCl, and derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde at 37 degre C for 16 hours. The derivative solutions were adjusted to pH 7.0 -7. 5, and the analytes were extracted by ethyl acetate. The separation was based on Thermo Aquasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.01 micro m). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The developed method showed good linear correlation between the peak area ratios of the analyte and the internal standard and the concentration of the analyte with the correlation coefficients all above 0. 99 over the dynamic range of 0.5 - 10 micro g/kg. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of AOZ, AMOZ, SEM, AHD and DNSH were 0.5 micro g/kg. The average recoveries of all the compounds at four spiked levels of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4. 0 micro g/kg ranged from 81.3% to 100.5% with the RSDs between 3.4% and 10.0% (n =6). The method is proved to be fast and effective for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the metabolites of the nitrofuran antibiotics in aquatic products.

[Simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in foodstuffs by solid phase extraction-hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method based on solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in foodstuffs is presented. The melamine and cyanuric acid residues were extracted by acetonitrile and water, degreased by hexane, and the extract was cleaned-up by a mixed-mode solid phase-extraction column (MCT) of hydrophilic functional silica gel sorbent and cation exchange resin. The LC separation was performed on a hydrophilic interaction chromatograph, the melamine and cyanuric acid were determined by MS/MS in positive-negative switched electrospray ionization mode, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by isotope internal standard method. The melamine and cyanuric acid were linear in the range of 10-2 500 microg/L with the correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.99, and the limits of quantification were 25 microg/kg and 50 microg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of melamine and cyanuric acid spiked in animal-derived foods, plant-derived foods, milk and milk products were in the range of 70.0%-129.6% and 70.0%-128.6%, respectively, with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.4%-23.3% and 2.8%-18.7%, respectively. The method can meet the requirement for the determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in foodstuffs simultaneously.

A novel mixed-mode solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in food by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass chromatography.

Utilizing a solid phase extraction column (MCT) containing mixed hydrophilic functional gel and cation exchange sorbent, a sensitive and rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously determining the residues of melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CYA) in human foodstuffs was developed. MEL and CYA in egg, pork, liver, kidney and pork, shrimp, sausage casing, honey, soybean milk, soybean powder and dairy product were extracted using acetonitrile/water, defatted with hexane and isolated using MCT solid phase extraction column. The residues were separated upon a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column and analyzed by electrospray ionization under negative-positive switched mode on a triplequadrupole mass spectrometry. The selected reaction monitoring was performed on [M+H](+) of m/z 127.9 to provide the transition of 127>85 and 127>68 (MEL) while the [M-H](-) of m/z 127.1 was selected as the precursor ion for CYA resulting in product ions m/z 85 and 42. Isotope labeled internal standard ((15)N(3)-MEL and (13)C(3)-CYA) and matrix-matched calibration were both used to observe the recovery to be 70.0-129.6% and 70.0-128.9% with RSD of 1.4-23.3% and 1.5-21.7% for MEL and CYA, respectively (n=6). All the LODs and LOQs of MEL and CYA were less than 39.4 and 99.1µgkg(-1), respectively, in 18 matrices, which were sensitive enough for quantitative analysis. This method has been proven effective in simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acid when inspecting unknown and positive samples.

[Determination of pyriproxyfen residue in vegetables and fruits by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for the determination of pyriproxyfen residue in vegetables and fruits. The pyriproxyfen residue in the sample was extracted by acidified acetonitrile with the presence of sodium acetate buffer, and cleaned up by PSA (primary secondary amine) sorbent, and the separation was performed by ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) on a CAPCELL PAK C18 column (50 mm x 2.0 mm, 3 microm) and the gradient elution of acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear between the peak area and the con centration of 2.5 - 50 microg/L with the correlation coefficient more than 0.9999. The limit of quantification of pyriproxyfen was 5 microg/kg. The average recoveries spiked at three concentrations of 5, 50 and 100 microg/kg ranged 84.7% -91.5%. The relative standard deviations (n = 10) were all less than 10%. The method is selective without interference and suitable for the determination of pyriproxyfen residue in vegetables and fruits.