Biosorbents based on esterified starch carrying immobilized oil-degrading microorganisms.

The complex sorbents based on hydrophobized starch, which contain oil-degrading microorganisms, have been proposed for effective sorption and utilization of petroleum-related pollutants. The sorbents were made on the base of benzoic, lauric and stearic acid esters of starch with degrees of substitution of 0.4-1.1. The esterification of starch was carried out by the reaction with acyl chlorides of the corresponding acids in an aqueous-organic medium. The structure of the esters was studied by SEM, IR and NMR spectroscopy. As a result of porous hydrophobic structure, these sorbents are capable of binding and retention of petroleum products on the water surface, and keeping the flotation for at least 30days after the petroleum products sorption. The test of biodegradability of the obtained samples revealed that the modified starches can be degraded by microscopic fungi, therefore they do not cause secondary pollution. The cultures of yeast Rhodotorula glutinis VKM Y-2993D and bacteria Pseudomonas libanensis VKM B-3041D immobilized on the sorbent facilitate the rapid utilization of accumulated petroleum products.

[Tumour occurrence of minnow Phoxinys phoxinus (L.) from the North Dvina and Pechora River Basins].

Tumours occurrence of minnow and tumour parameters are found to be greatest at the end of June--the first part of July. Black tumours give metastases, while gray tumours are separated from the neighboring tissue by a capsule. The stroma of the tumour is pierced through by fungal hyphae of Fusarium solani (Mart.) App. et Wr. The minnow living the first year (the end of it) and the second year (the beginning of it) suffers tumours more frequently. The minnow taken from the Saitanovka river estuary (the cordon place, abundant in Equisetum, which is the motorboats anchorage) was found to be most affected by tumours.