Bilateral low origin of testicular artery: a case report / Origem bilateral baixa de artéria testicular: relato de caso

The testicular artery is frequently subjected to radiographic imaging techniques such as angiography for diagnosis and treatment of conditions like epididymitis, testicular torsion, tumor, hematoma, and hydrocele and in cases of undescended testis. Radiologists and surgeons should therefore be aware of testicular artery variants. Although there are numerous studies and case reports that mention testicular artery variants, this is probably the first case, reporting a bilateral low origin of the testicular artery and discussing its probable embryological etiology

A artéria testicular é frequentemente examinada por técnicas de imagem como angiografia, para o diagnóstico e tratamento de condições como epididimite, torsão testicular, tumor, hematoma e hidrocele, e também em casos de criptorquidia. Sendo assim, radiologistas e cirurgiões devem estar cientes de variantes anatômicas da artéria testicular. Embora numerosos estudos e relatos de caso mencionem variantes da artéria testicular, este provavelmente é o primeiro caso a descrever origem bilateral baixa da artéria testicular e a discutir sua provável etiologia embriológica

Bilateral low origin of testicular artery: a case report.

The testicular artery is frequently subjected to radiographic imaging techniques such as angiography for diagnosis and treatment of conditions like epididymitis, testicular torsion, tumor, hematoma, and hydrocele and in cases of undescended testis. Radiologists and surgeons should therefore be aware of testicular artery variants. Although there are numerous studies and case reports that mention testicular artery variants, this is probably the first case, reporting a bilateral low origin of the testicular artery and discussing its probable embryological etiology.

A artéria testicular é frequentemente examinada por técnicas de imagem como angiografia, para o diagnóstico e tratamento de condições como epididimite, torsão testicular, tumor, hematoma e hidrocele, e também em casos de criptorquidia. Sendo assim, radiologistas e cirurgiões devem estar cientes de variantes anatômicas da artéria testicular. Embora numerosos estudos e relatos de caso mencionem variantes da artéria testicular, este provavelmente é o primeiro caso a descrever origem bilateral baixa da artéria testicular e a discutir sua provável etiologia embriológica.

Unusual and Unique Variant Branches of Lateral Cord of Brachial Plexus and its Clinical Implications- A Cadaveric Study.

INTRODUCTION: Adequate knowledge on variant morphology of brachial plexus and its branches are important in clinical applications pertaining to trauma and surgical procedures of the upper extremity. AIM: Current study was aimed to report variations of the branches of the lateral cord of brachial plexus in the axilla and their possible clinical complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total number of 82 upper limbs from 41 formalin embalmed cadavers was dissected. Careful observation was made to note the formation and branching pattern of lateral cord. Meticulous inspection for absence of branches, presence of additional or variant branches and presence of abnormal communications between its branches or with branches of other cords was carried out. RESULTS: In the present study, we noted varied branching pattern of lateral cord in 6 out of 82 limbs (7%). In one of the limb, the median nerve was formed by three roots; two from lateral cord and one from medial cord. Two limbs had absence of lateral pectoral nerve supplemented by medial pectoral nerves. One of which had an atypical ansa pectoralis. In 2 upper limbs, musculocutaneous nerve was absent and in both cases it was supplemented by median nerve. In one of the limb, coracobrachialis had dual nerve supply by musculocutaneous nerve and by an additional branch from the lateral cord. CONCLUSION: Variations of brachial plexus and its branches could pose both intraoperative and postoperative complications which eventually affect the normal sensory and motor functions of the upper limb.